CYPERACE^:. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 381 



8. Staminate spikes one or more : pistillate spikes two to several, stout, erect, 

 mostly shortly peduncled, somewhat squarrose or comose in appearance : peri- 

 gynium thick in texture, hairy, more or less spreading, distinctly and stoutly 

 straight-beaked, the teeth short: scales prominent. LASIOCARP^E, Fries. 

 Stout, mostly tall species, in wet or grassy places. Our species falls 

 under the group Lanuginosce, Carey. 



30. C. filiformis, L., var. latifolia, Beklr. Stoloniferous : culms 1 to 

 2| feet high, strong : leaves flat 1 to 2 lines broad, about the length or longer 

 than the culm: staminate spikes 1 to 3, the lower small and aggregated at the 

 base of the terminal one : pistillate spikes 1 to 4, remote, sessile or nearly so, 

 or the lower peduncled, f to 2 inches long, often loosely flowered at the base : 

 bracts leaf -like, usually much exceeding the culm, the upper sheathless : peri- 

 gynium ovate or shortly ovoid, abruptly contracted into a very short, erect, 

 divergently and very shortly toothed beak : scales ovate, purple, acute or cus- 

 pidate, shorter or longer than the turgid and densely hairy perigynium. 

 C. lanuginosa, Michx. C. pellita, Muhl. Throughout, in wet and swampy 

 places. 



Var. sematorhyncha, W. Boott, is a form with purple beaks : scarcely 

 distinct from the last variety. C. cematorhyncha, Desv. Jordan Valley, 

 Utah (Sereno Watson}. 



The species may be expected in Montana. It is distinguished by its filiform 

 and involute leaves. 



9. Staminate spike mostly single : pistillate spikes 2 to 4, short, oblong or globu- 

 lar, sessile or nearly so, erect, compactly flowered, in our species approximate 

 at the top of the culm and subtended by long and leafy bracts : perigynium 

 smooth, nerved, conspicuously beaked, not prominently toothed. SPIROSTA- 

 CHYJE, Drejer. Rather slender species. 



31. C. flava, L. Culm slender, 4 to 18 inches high, smooth, longer than 

 the narrow stem leaves : bracts much longer than the culm, leaf-like, very 

 shortly sheathed : staminate spike short, mostly sessile : perigynium shining, 

 yellowish, reflexed at maturity, twice the length of the scale. Meadows 

 and wet places, Hudson's Bay Creek, Montana ( W. M. Canby), and north- 

 ward. (Eu.) 



10. Staminate spikes two or more, long-stalked : pistillate spikes 2 to several, 

 usually all ped uncled, long and heavy, loosely flowered, erect or nodding: peri- 

 gynium large, thick in texture, strongly nerved, hairy or smooth, produced into 

 a long beak ivhich terminates in very conspicuous awl-like erect or spreading 

 teeth. ECHINOSTACHY^E, Drejer. Coarse species. 



32. C. trichocarpa, Muhl., var. aristata, Bailey. Culms very stout, 

 sharply angled : sheaths and under side of the leaves sparsely hairy : stami- 

 nate spikes 3 to 8, usually considerably separated ; the scales very long, loose 

 and pointed : pistillate spikes 2 to 3 inches long, 5 lines or more broad, 

 upright, scattered, loosely flowered at the base: perigynium very strongly 

 nerved, smooth, ovate-lanceolate, terminated by very conspicuous divaricate, 

 smooth and slender teeth (which are l to 2 lines long), usually longer than 

 the rough-awned scale. C. aristata, R. Br. C. mirata, Dew. Bogs and 

 creeks, Utah ( Watson, L. F. Ward) ; to British America. 



