CONIFERS. (PINE FAMILY.) 429 



Scales of the fertile aments few, decussately opposite, becoming drape-like in fruit with 

 bony seeds : leaves opposite or in threes, usually scale-like : flowers dioecious : leaf- 

 buds not scaly. 



1. Juniperus. Ovules in pairs or solitary at the base of the fleshy (4 to 6, or 3 to 9) 



scales. Seeds 1 to 5 or more. Berry globose, reddish, blue, or blackish, ripening 

 the second year. 



* * Scales of the fertile aments numerous, spirally imbricated, becoming a dry eorian eous 

 cone in fruit : male flowers also spirally arranged : leaves scattered or fascicled, from 

 linear to needle-shaped : flowers monoecious : leaf-buds scaly. ABIETJNE^S. 

 - Cones maturing the first year, their bracts remaining membranous : leaves solitary, 



mostly entire. 

 H- Branchlets smooth, the leaf-scars not raised. 



2. Abies. Leaves sessile, leaving circular scars. Cones erect, their scales deciduous 



from the axis. Seeds with resin-vesicles. 



3. Pseudotsuga. Leaves petioled, the scars transversely oval. Cones pendulous, their 



scales persistent on the axis. Seeds without resin-vesicles. 



H- -H- Branchlets rough from the prominent persistent leaf-bases : cones pendulous, their 

 scales persistent on the axis. 



4. Picea. Leaves sessile, keeled on both sides, with two lateral ducts. Seeds without 



resin-vesicles. 

 - - Cones maturing the second year, their bracts becoming corky and thickened : leaves 



in bundles of 2 to 5, their base surrounded by a sheath of scarious bud-scales usually 



serrulate. 

 6. Pinus. Resin-ducts inconstant in number and variously placed. 



1. JUNIPERUS, L. JUNIPER. 



The small solitary aments axillary, or terminal upon short lateral branch- 

 lets : in staminate flowers the anther-cells are 4 to 8 under each shield-shaped 

 scale : cotyledons mostly 2. Low shrubs or trees, with mostly thin shreddy 

 bark. 



* Aments axillary: leaves ternate, free and jointed at base, linear- subulate, 



pungent, channelled and white-glaucous above, not glandular-pitted. Oxr- 



CEDRUS. 



1. J. communis, L. With spreading or pendulous branches: leaves 

 rigid, more or less spreading, 5 to 9 lines long : fruit dark blue, 3 lines in 

 diameter or more, 1 to 3-seeded. 



Var. alpina, Gaud. Low and decumbent or prostrate : leaves shorter, 

 2 to 4 lines long, and less spreading. The species is found in the moun- 

 tains from New Mexico and northward throughout British America, while 

 the variety has a range not quite so extensive. 



* * Aments terminal: leaves ternate (or opposite), of two forms, mostly adnate 



and scale-like, closely appressed and crowded upon the branches and often 

 glandular-pitted, occasionally more distant, free and subulate. SABINA. 

 Ours belong to the group with bluish-black pulpy berries. 



-t- Leaves fringed on the edges. 



2 J. OCCidentalis, Hook. A shrub or small tree, with shreddy bark 

 and pale reddish-yellow wood : leaves closely appressed, obtuse or acutish : 

 berries 4 to 5 lines in diameter, with one or more seeds. Northwest of our 

 range. 



