430 CONIFERS. (PINE FAMILY.) 



Var. monosperma, Eng. Often with eccentric layers of wood, of 

 scraggy growth, with short branchlets at right angles : leaves as often in 

 twos as in threes : berries smaller, often copper-colored, with mostly one 

 (sometimes 2 or more) grooved seed. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, iii. 590. 

 From the Pike's Peak region of Colorado to W. Texas, Arizona, and 

 California. 



- *- Leaves entire or nearly so, and opposite. 



3. J. Sabina, L., var. procumbens, Pursh. A prostrate shrub with 

 appressed or slightly squarrose acute leaves in pairs, margin slightly or indis- 

 tinctly denticulate : berries on short recurved peduncles, 3 to 4 lines in diameter, 

 with 1 or 2, rarely 3 rough seeds. From British Columbia and the Pacific 

 Coast to the Yellowstone River, the Great Lakes, and eastward to Maine and 

 Hudson's Bay. 



4. J. Virginiana, L. The largest of our Junipers, sometimes becoming a 

 tree 60 to 90 feet high, commonly of pyramidal form, sometimes with rounded 

 spreading top, with shreddy bark and red and aromatic heartwood : branch- 

 lets slender, 4-angled, with obtuse or acutish leaves having entire margins : 

 berries on straight peduncles, 3 to 5 lines in diameter, with 1 or 2 angled mostly 

 grooved seeds. Our widest spread species, with almost a continental distri- 

 bution, the region from Arizona to Utah, California, and Oregon alone being 

 excepted. 



2. ABIES, Link. FIR. 



Trees of pyramidal form and rapid growth, but with brittle and easily decay- 

 ing wood : leaves on the horizontal branchlets appearing 2-ranked by a twist 

 near the base, in ours bearing stomata on both sides, with two longitudinal 

 resin-ducts. 



1. A. COncolor, Lindl. A large tree 80 to 150 feet high with a diameter 

 of 2 to 4 feet and a rough grayish bark: leaves mostly obtuse, pale green, with 

 the two resin-ducts close to the epidermis of the lower surface : cones oblong-cylin- 

 drical, 3 to 5 inches long and 1 to If inches in diameter, pale green or some- 

 times dull purplish; scales 12 to 15 lines wide, nearly twice wider than high. 

 Has been mostly called A. grandis, which is much taller and has a more 

 northwestern range. A. amabilis (?) Watson, Bot. King Exped. Pinus con- 

 color, Eng. From Arizona and S. Colorado to Utah and California. Known 

 as " White Fir" on account of its gray bark. 



2. A. SUbalpina, Eng. Not so tall, 60 to 80 feet hi^h, with very pale 

 and thin, smooth, or only in very old trees cracked, and ashy-gray bark: leaves 

 dark green above, sharp-pointed, with the two resin-ducts about equidistant from 

 upper and lower surface: cones oblong-cylindrical, 2^ to 3 inches long and 1 to 

 1 J inches in diameter, purplish brown ; scales nearly orbicular or sometimes 

 quadrangular, 6 to 10 lines long and broad. Am. Nat. x. 555. A. grandis, in 

 part, of the Rocky Mountain botanists. On the higher mountains and near 

 to timber line, from Colorado northwestward to Oregon. 



3. PSEUDOTSITGA, Carr. DOUGLAS SPRUCE. 



A very large tree, at first pyramidal and spruce-like, often at last more 

 spreading : leaves somewhat 2-ranked by a twist at the base, with stomata 



