DUPLICITY. 21 



processes. The upper pair of limbs (in the present posi- 

 tion of the preparation) belong to the upper and the lower 

 pair to the lower foetus. Each foetus may be considered 

 as having its pubic symphysis open and its pubic bones 

 united with those of the other. The axial parts posterior 

 to the point of union in the upper foetus turn to the right, 

 those of the lower to the left side of the preparation. 



The upper foetus is well formed, except in the pelvic 

 region. The lower foetus is very imperfect. Its face is 

 misshapen, and the upper cranial bones are altogether 

 wanting. The superior extremities are thick and defec- 

 tive, and the fingers are very short, owing to the imperfect 

 condition of the terminal phalanges. The nails are 

 scarcely perceptible. No history has been preserved. 

 100. The viscera and generative organs of the same. The viscera 

 of the upper foetus are seen upon the right hand, those of 

 the lower upon the left-hand side of the preparation. 



The heart, liver, and lungs of the upper foetus are nor- 

 mal : the development of the intestines seems to have been 

 somewhat arrested ; they terminate in a very capacious 

 thin-walled rectum, which was much stained with me- 

 conium. There is a small anal opening marked by a 

 white bristle; it is probable, however, that the dilation 

 of the rectum arose from atresia at an earlier stage. 



The heart, lungs, and liver of the lower foetus are much 

 smaller ; the intestines are about equal in development to 

 those of the upper one; there is much less enlargement 

 of the lower part of the bowel, but it opens into the en- 

 larged intestine of the upper foetus near the anal opening. 

 The most remarkable character in these viscera is that 

 they do not exhibit " situs mutatus." The kidneys in 

 both foetuses exhibit the condition known as horseshoe 

 kidneys ; they unite below with their fellows across the 

 mesial line. The four ureters open into a single large 

 urinary bladder, which is laid open ; the openings of the 

 ureters are marked by black bristles. The urethra is 

 likewise laid open. The uteri are both equally developed ; 

 both vaginae are well formed, but they both open with 

 the urethra on the right (upperside in this preparation) ; 

 their openings arc marked with black bristles. The labia 

 niajoru, ininora, and clitoris arc well formed on this side. 



