60 ABNORMAL CONDITIONS OF THE AXIS. 



240. The other half of the same. It exhibits similar characters, 



except that there is no arm on this side. 



241 . The right half of a Human amorphous microcephalous foetus 



with great hypertrophy of the connective tissue, so that 

 the whole body has an elongated ovate form. There are 

 no traces of limbs on this side, but a small tubercle 

 represents the lower extremity on the other half (see 

 No. 242). The anterior portion is separated from the 

 rest by a slight constriction ; it is covered with short 

 soft brown hair. There was also a depression dividing 

 that portion which represents the nates, and corresponding 

 to the normal cleft between them. The spinal column 

 has the usual flexures ; but the spines are represented by 

 a long continuous rod of cartilage, probably the remains 

 of the unsegmented investing mass highly developed. 

 Some of the laminae have been removed to show the spinal 

 canal. There are numerous large cysts in the integument 

 behind the spinal column. 



This foetus was one of twins ; the other was well formed. 



The skull presents a very large occipital bone of considerable 

 thickness ; all the other parts of the cranium and face are so de- 

 fective that they cannot be recognized. The tympanic cavities are 

 marked by a blue glass rod ; a black bristle below this marks the 

 opening of the pharynx externally. Masses of cancellous bone 

 above and below the opening probably represent the jaws. The 

 thoracic cavity is filled with reticulated areolar tissue. The ab- 

 dominal cavity is comparatively large. A small stomach is seen 

 at its upper part: this communicates with the pharynx by a 

 narrow pervious oesophagus. There is no pyloric orifice to the 

 stomach, and no duodenum. A quarter of an inch of small intes- 

 tine, blind at either extremity, lies below the stomach, but is in 

 no way connected with it. The large intestine is blind above, 

 makes a sigmoid curve, and terminates in a straight rectum, which 

 opens externally by an anus. There is a considerable cavity in 

 front of the intestine partially occupied by the kidneys (which are 

 fused together into a single gland), the Wolfiian body and its duct, 

 and the urinary bladder. For a further description of these see the 

 account of the other half of the same foetus, No. 242. 



There is a long straight aorta in front of the spine, which ter- 

 minates below in two umbilical arteries, and above by two caro- 

 tids and subclavians. The right umbilical artery is marked by a 

 blue glass rod ; the right carotid is indicated by a bristle. Behind 



