82 ABNORMAL CONDITIONS OF THE LIMBS. 



339. A portion of the left hip of a Wild Boar, with a small pro- 



cess representing the left posterior extremity. The fol- 

 lowing particulars are extracted from Hunter's Manu- 

 script ' Cases and Dissections/ vol. iii. p. 70 : The 

 animal had no kidney on the side, the left testicle had 

 not descended, its epididymis,vas deferens, and vesiculum, 

 as well as the gubernaculum, were entirely absent. The 

 gland itself was rudimentary. The right testicle was 

 normal and situated in the scrotum. Hunterian. 



d. Amelia. 



Where the limbs are totally deficient. In such cases it is 

 impossible to determine- whether the condition arises from primi- 

 tive deficiency of the limb, or from subsequent arrest followed 

 by atrophy. 



340. A Frog with entire deficiency of the right anterior ex- 



tremity. A portion of the integument has been removed 

 to show the complete absence of all traces of a limb. 



Hunterian. 



341. A Chick, with total deficiency of the right inferior extre- 



mity. The inner toe of the left foot is double. 



Hunterian. 



342. A foetal bitch Puppy, with total deficiency of the anterior 



extremities. There is slight arrest of development of the 

 face. Mus. Brit. 



Class VI. MALFORMATIONS FROM DISEASE. 



A. Distortion from irregular muscular contraction. 



The malformations included in this division are probably 

 due to some form of cerebro-spinal irritation or defect. They 

 frequently accompany other abnormal conditions. 



a. Talipes. 



Talipes varus, valgus, calcaneus, calcaneo-varus and -valgus 

 occur as congenital conditions. The question of their origin 

 from irregular muscular contraction is still an open one ; but the 

 arguments in favour of this view are exceedingly strong. The 



