Hepaticw of North America. 41 



4. F. Californica Hampe. Thallus obcordate, 0.6 1. 

 cm. wide, undulate-lobed, abruptly carinate, the scales beneath 

 not reaching beyond the broad brownish-purple margin; pe- 

 duncle stout, rigid, pale purple, sparingly pilose ; carpocephalum 

 subhemispheric, convex-umbonate, mostly 4-lobed, paleaceous 

 beneath; inner involucre large. (Near F. Lindenbergiana 

 Corda. ) 



Hob. Cal. (Bolander, Bigelow). 

 Exsic. Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 135. 



5. F. violacea Aust. Thallus rigid and much thickened, 

 sublinear, concave canaliculate, closely areolate and pale green 

 above, imperfectly squamulose and densely rooting beneath, 

 distinctly punctate, dark purple, innovating from the midrib 

 beneath; margins strongly involute when dry; scales dark pur- 

 ple, short and narrow, slightly exceeding the margin at the 

 apex of the thallus; peduncles dark purple, sparingly pilose, 

 arising from the apex of the innovations which are often 

 scarcely 2 mm. long; carpocephalum large, mostly 3-fruited, 

 not lobed, obtusely conic, nearly smooth and distinctly porose 

 above, barbulate-chaffy beneath; inner involucre pyriform- 

 ovate, the segments violet purple. 



Hob. Cal. (Bolander}. 

 Bib.Torrey Bull. Ill, p. 17. 



** Peduncles naked- divisions of inner involucre not coherent 

 at least when dry. 



6. F. tenella Nees. Thallus orbicular and composed of 

 several elongated, obcuneate divisions, or by abortion of a sin- 

 gle division; divisions emarginate at the apex, 1.3 2.1 cm. 

 long, 3 4 mm. wide, grizzly-green and conspicuously porose 

 above, purple on the margins, abruptly keeled and purple un- 

 derneath; peduncle naked, 2.5 7.5 cm. high, not involucrate 

 at the base, usually dark purple; carpocephalum obtusely conic. 

 3-4-fruited, naked beneath; inner involucre white, 8-cleft. 

 (F. nigripes Bisch., F. mollis Tayl.) 



Hob. On damp ground in sandy fields, rarely in rock crevices. N. 

 Eng. to Mo., Ga. and Tex. 

 Bib. Syn. Hep. p. 562. 

 Delin. Sulliv. Mosses U. S. t. VI. 

 Exsic. Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 136. 



