A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 



the King of Scotland that he retired in disgust to a monastery. 1 Thurstin 

 had no difficulty in satisfying the interested parties as far as English law 

 was concerned. The archdeacon of Richmond was compensated for the 

 loss of jurisdiction by the bestowal of such privileges as the right of in- 

 stitution to and the custody of vacant churches within his archdeaconry, 

 these privileges having been granted at the request and by the confirma- 

 tion of the King. In fact many of the ecclesiastical immunities, which 

 the famous archdeaconry enjoyed, may be traced to this period when a 

 new diocese was carved out of its ample limits. 3 



In furtherance of the scheme for a new bishopric Henry had re- 

 course to his old policy, when he set about the completion of the priory, 

 of selecting a rich man as the first bishop. Among the royal chaplains 

 he had a wealthy Yorkshire landowner, 3 Adelulf by name, who had 

 taken the religious habit, and had become prior of St. Oswald's, Nostell, 

 an Augustinian house near Pontefract. The difficulties of founding the 

 bishopric were not insuperable when little or no provision had to be 

 made for the maintenance of the office. The poverty of the see of 

 Carlisle for the first century after its creation is well known. When 

 Adelulf died in 1156 the bishopric remained derelict and vacant for 

 about fifty years till adequate provision could be found for the support 

 of the dignity. At first the separate endowment was ridiculously small. 

 Though the priory of Carlisle was first founded, gifts of real property 

 came in but slowly till the new foundation was raised to the dignity of 

 a cathedral church in 1133. For some years after that date political 

 events were not favourable to religious enthusiasm among the local 

 magnates. Three years after its foundation the diocese passed under 

 the sovereignty of the Scottish king while it remained subject to the 



1 Fordun, Scotichronicon, ed. Goodall, i. 449-50 ; Haddan and Stubbs, Councils and Eccles. Doc. 

 ii. 27. 



3 When John of Hexham was describing the limits of the bishopric which Henry I had set up at 

 Carlisle, he assumed the York oversight when he stated that the churches of Cumberland and West- 

 morland which belonged to a York archdeaconry (quae adjacuerunt archidiaconatui Eboracensi) were 

 bestowed on the new creation (The Priory of Hexham [Surtees Soc.], i. 109, 1 10 ; Twysden, Decem 

 Scriptores, col. 257). In 1201 Honorius in his appeal to Pope Innocent about the archdeaconry of 

 Richmond stated ' quod cum inclytae recordationis primus Henricus, rex Angliae, apud Car- 

 leolum sedem episcopalem vellet de novo creari, quia ex hoc archidiaconatus Richemundiae 

 laedebatur, rex ipse a bonae memoriae quondam Eboracensi archiepiscopo postulavit, ut in 

 recompensationem cuiusdam partis, qua; subtrahebatur archidiaconatui memorato, ei predictas 

 concederet dignitates ' (Hoveden, Chronica [Rolls Series], iv. 177-8). Whitaker has described the 

 privileges of this archdeaconry in some detail (Hist, of Richmondshire, i. 34-6). From a description of 

 the archbishopric of York in an Arundel manuscript Hinde has quoted the following statement about 

 the diocese of Carlisle : ' Alterum Cardolensum, scilicet Carduel vel Carlel, qui fuit subtractus ab 

 Eborascensi, non tamen demptus ab episcopatu ' (Symeon of Durham [Surtees Soc.], i. 221). In his 

 ' mappa mundi,' Gervase of Canterbury has enumerated such places as ' Holm Cotram,' ' Woderhall,' 

 ' Egremunt,' ' Carduil," and ' Ingelwde ' under ' Richemuntsire ' for ecclesiastical purposes (Gtsta 

 Regum [Rolls Series], ii. 441). 



3 Selden has printed a charter out of his own collection whereby Bishop Adelulf, while Henry I still 

 lived, endowed the deanery of York and William the dean and all his successors in the deanery with the 

 tithes of the mills of Pokelinton and of his domain and of all his soch (decimas molendinorum de Pokelinton 

 et de dominio meo et de iota socha), for so it had been provided and appointed by King Henry (Historie 

 of Tithes, ed. 1618, pp. 337-8). The inference is obvious. Had Adelulf been exercising the right as 

 prior of St. Oswald, the deed of gift would not have run in the name of ' Ael. Dei gratia, Carleolensis 

 episcopus.' Besides, we have yet to learn that the priory of Nostell owned the manor of ' Pokelinton ' 

 at this date. It is certain that the manor did not belong to him as bishop of Carlisle. 



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