ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 



drews or Arthuret 1 to the abbey of Jedburgh, a monastery which was 

 also enriched with the church of Bassenthwaite by the gift of Waldef 

 son of Gospatric.' The church of Torpenhow ' was granted to the abbey 

 of Holy Rood, Edinburgh, by Uctred son of Fergus in right of Gunnild, 

 daughter of Waldeve, his wife. The abbey of Kelso enjoyed a pension issu- 

 ing out of the church of Lazonby 4 by the gift of Hugh de Morvill. The 

 favours conferred on Scottish monasteries by Cumberland landowners 

 were reciprocated from the other side. On the western border alone 

 many instances might be given wherein the great lords of Annandale and 

 Galloway were equally considerate to English institutions. No small 

 portion of the endowments of the abbey of Holmcultram was situated 

 in Galloway and on the northern shore of the Solway. 5 The family of 

 Brus, the owners of the great fief of Annandale, were among the 

 foremost benefactors of the priory of Gisburn in Yorkshire. 6 The 

 priory of Lanercost had rent charges in Dumfries. 7 It is true that 

 family ties or national sentiment had much to do with several of these 

 endowments. One might expect that the abbey of Holmcultram should 

 possess strong claims upon Scottish liberality, seeing that it was of 

 Scottish foundation and the only institution left in the district as a relic 

 of the Scottish occupation. Making due allowance for considerations 

 of this sort, we should not forget the strong international sentiment 

 which pervaded the people of both kingdoms, 8 and which had done so 

 much to forward the interests of the church in the diocese of Carlisle. 



Though the establishment of churches cannot be ascribed exclu- 

 sively to Norman agency, we are not left altogether in ignorance of the 

 progress that church extension had made under the first Norman settlers 

 in the new province. If we take the barony of Burgh by Sands, there is a 

 strong presumption that the church of that place was founded by one of 

 its early Norman owners. At the close of the twelfth century, when 

 Hugh de Morvill made a grant of the church to the abbey of Holm- 

 cultram, a schedule was drawn up of the lands with which it was 

 endowed. From the circumstances of the transaction, it is clearly seen 

 that the origin of the institution was a matter of common knowledge. 

 The foundation of the church was spoken of; the first priest was named; 

 the portion of land with which the church was endowed ' at its first 

 foundation ' was set out. If Swain, the first priest, on his appointment 



1 Facsimiles of National A/SS. of Scotland, No. 38 ; Morton, Monastic Annals of Teviotdale, pp. 

 57-9 ; Carl. Epis. Reg. Ross, MS. f. 262 ; Inq. ad quod damnum, 2 Edw. III. No. 3. 



2 Ped.es Finium (Rec. Com.), 10 John, p. 10. 



3 Liber Cartarum Sanctae Crucis, Bannatyne Club, 19-20. 



4 Liber de Calcbou, Bannatyne Club, ii. 351 ; Reg. of Lanercost, MS. xiii. 25, 26 ; xiv. I. 

 6 Reg. of Holmcultram MS. ff. 66-7, 91-125. 



6 Cart. Prioratus de Gyseburne (Surtees Society), ii. 340-52. 



7 Reg. of Lanercost, MS. ix. 13. See also a grant of Robert de Brus, lord of Annandale, of pasture 

 in Gamelsby and Glassonby (Ibid. xiv. 4). 



8 The close communion between the canons of Carlisle and the canons of Holyrood in Edinburgh 

 may be estimated by the ' confederacio ' for the purposes of prayer which existed amongst them on the 

 death of one of their number (Liber Cartarum Sanctte Crucis, Maitland Club, p. cxxxv. ; Liber Vitce 

 Eccl. Dunelm. (Surtees Society), p. xvi. The ' confederation ' is written in a comparatively modern hand 

 in the Ritual Book of Holyrood. 



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