ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 



houses, found churches, 1 and assign the tithes to whom he pleased. The 

 prior of Carlisle based his claims on former royal grants ; the parson of 

 Thursby asserted that the enclosures were within his parish ; the Bishop 

 of Carlisle put forward the singular plea that they were in the parish of 

 Aspatria, the advowson of which belonged to him. 2 After much litiga- 

 tion the tithes were awarded to the King, who afterwards granted them 

 to the prior. 3 The church of Carlisle had many chartered privileges * in 

 the forest of Inglewood, and the burden of providing spiritual ministra- 

 tions eventually devolved upon the prior and convent. 



The practice of founding chapelries or district churches arose 

 gradually as the need began to be felt in large parishes. It was usual 

 for the owner of property at some distance from the parish church to 

 obtain the bishop's licence to have an oratory in his house or to build 

 a chapel on his estate, due regard being had to the rights of the mother 

 church. The method of founding a chapel of ease differed but slightly 

 from that of the parish church, except in the ecclesiastical status of the 

 establishment. As far back as records carry us in Cumberland, the 

 custom of erecting chapels was contemporaneous with the founding of 

 parish churches. One of the earliest and most interesting of these 

 foundations is the chapelry of Treverman in the parish of Walton, 

 founded by Gilmor, son of Gilander, during the episcopate of ' Edelwan,' 

 the first bishop of Carlisle, 113356. As lord of Treverman and 

 Torcrossoc he caused a chapel to be constructed of wattlework (de virgis) 

 at the former place and appointed his kinsman Gillemor to the chaplaincy, 

 at the same time assigning him a certain parcel of land, afterwards called 

 Kirkland, for his sustenance. It is particularly noted that the inhabi- 

 tants had the benefit of all divine offices of religion, with the exception 

 of baptism and burial, before the parish church on which it was 

 dependent had been appropriated to the priory of Lanercost. 8 In 

 later instances the ecclesiastical authorities were more particular in 



1 In the lordship of Penrith, which belonged to the Crown, a chaplain was maintained out of 

 the revenues issuing from that place. Richard III. directed a warrant to his receiver ' of the lordship of 

 Penryth in Cumberland that now is or for the tyme shalbe to content and paye yerely unto the same S r 

 William (Bellendre, priest) the sum of fourty shillinges to thentent that the same S r William shall syng 

 masse in the chapell of o r lady of grace at Amotbrigge. Yeven etc. at Notingham the xxth day of Marche 

 a primo ' (Harleian MS. 433, f. i66b) 



3 Rot. Parl. (Rec. Com.), i. 37, 38, 48 ; ii. 44-5 ; Ryley, Placita Parliamentaria, ed. 1661, 

 pp. 49-51. A compressed account of this suit was cited by Sir Edw. Coke in support of his explanation 

 of the word ' assert ' or ' assart ' (4 Institutes, ed. 1648, p. 307). 



3 Pat. 22 Edw. I. m. 27. 



4 These privileges originated with the following charter of Henry I. : ' Henricus, Rex Angliz, 

 justiciariis, vice-comitibus, baronibus, forestariis et ministris suis et fidelibus de Cumberlanda, 

 salutem. Precipimus quod Canonici sanctz Mariae de Karlfeolo] bene et in pace et quiete 

 habeant et teneant diuisas suas de foresta sicut eis dedi et concessi in elemosinam et sicut eis 

 perambulari et demonstrari precepi et omnia aisiamenta sua in bosco et pascuis et omnibus rebus 

 sicut in suo dominio. Et nullus eos vel homines siue res eorum inquietet super hoc super foris- 

 facturam meam, set omnes res eorum in pace sint sicut elemosina mea. T[este] Nig[elo] de 

 Albpniaco] apud Waltham ' (Chart. R. 6 Edw. III. pt. i. No. 30, by insfeximus). This charter, 

 together with the grant of the lands of Walter the priest, was recited and confirmed by 

 Henry II. 



6 Reg. of Lanercost MS. ff. 260-1. The internal evidence of this deed is conclusive that the 

 bishop referred to by the jurors was Adelulf of Carlisle, and not ^Ethelwin of Durham (1056-1071). 

 ii 17 3 



