ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 



comes under review. The present parish of Kirkandrews-on-Esk was formed out of the 

 Debatable Land on the Scottish frontier by letters patent of Charles I. in I63I. 1 There can 

 be no doubt that there was a church of Kirkandrews near the present site in the early part of 

 the twelfth century, 2 when the land of Carlisle extended into Scotland further than the inter- 

 national boundary finally agreed upon by the commissioners of Edward VI. But so far as the 

 history of the diocese is concerned, the parish of Kirkandrews had no separate ecclesiastical 

 existence till the date named. 



The enlargement of the diocese in 1856, so as to include the whole of Cumberland with the 

 exception of the parish of Alston, the whole of Westmorland, and Lancashire north of the 

 Sands, has been already noticed. It consists of 297 ecclesiastical parishes, of which 169 are in 

 Cumberland. 



APPENDIX II 



THE ARCHDEACONRIES 



THERE is little doubt that the archdeaconry of Carlisle was not only conterminous with 

 the diocese, but was also coeval with its formation in 1133. At a very early period the 

 benefices of the diocese were taxed to maintain the dignity of the archdeacon as well as 

 that of the bishop. When Adelulf, the first bishop, confirmed the appropriation of certain 

 churches to the priory of Wetheral, he imposed on the monks the obligation of paying the 

 synodals and archidiaconals due from these churches. In subsequent confirmations to this 

 house, the reservation of archidiaconal dues was made a feature of the bishop's sanction. 3 

 Previous to the extension of the diocese in 1856, there was but one archdeaconry, the arch- 

 deaconry of Carlisle. 



During the long vacancy of the see which followed the death of the first bishop, the 

 archdeacon was the local head of the diocese, having an official of his own in the diocesan 

 court, 4 and employing chaplains in quasi-episcopal fashion for the maintenance of his dignity. 5 

 Sometimes the archdeacon was entrusted with the custody of the bishopric, 8 and sometimes 

 with the duties of official. One of them administered the affairs of the diocese throughout 

 the greater portion of the reign of Henry II., and another held Carlisle for a short time with 

 the archdeaconry of Durham. During the prolonged vacancy of the bishopric, appoint- 

 ments to the archdeaconry were made by the Crown. 7 



It is not certainly known what provision was made for the maintenance of the office 

 during the twelfth century. The archdeacon probably had a share of the endowments of 

 the church of Carlisle, out of which the bishopric and priory were supported in common. 8 

 In the thirteenth century, when the succession of bishops became regular, two benefices appear 

 to have been burdened one after the other for the maintenance of the archdeacon. When 



Carl. Epis. Reg. Smith, MS. ff. 325-6. 



' National MSS. of Scotland (Rec. Com.), i. No. 38. 



Reg. of Wetkerbal (Cumbld. and Westmorld. Archaeol. Soc.), pp. 44, 54, 58, 211, 213, 216. 



4 Archdeacon Geoffrey de Lascy had an official in the time of Bishop Bernard (Reg. of Wetherhal, 

 p. 72). Thomas de Morland was archdeacon's official in the time of Bishop Walter (Reg. of Fountains, 

 f. 324b). Thomas de Foveis filled a like post in 1264 (Whitby Chartul. i. 230, 285). The official of the 

 archdeacon of Carlisle was recognized by the diocesan synod in the fourteenth century (Carl. Epis. Reg. 

 Welton, ff. 134-5). 



Reg. of Lanercost, MS. viii. 2 ; Reg. of Wetherhal, p. 101. 



* Each of the archdeacons in turn was custos of the see during the long vacancy in the twelfth cen- 

 tury. Archdeacon Robert was probably custos, for he had power of institution to benefices (Whitby 

 Chartul. i. 42). Peter de Ross was certainly custos as well as archdeacon (Reg. of Wetherhal, pp. 216, 

 219) ; so also was Americ Thebert (Reg. of Lanercost, MS. viii. 2). 



* Hoveden, Chron. (Rolls Series), iv. 14 ; Rot. Lift. Pat. (Rec. Com.), i. 35b. 



8 This appears from Bishop Adelulf's address to Elyas, the archdeacon, and the chapter of St. Mary, 

 as if he were a member of that body (Whitby Chartul. i. 38). While there was no bishop, if the arch- 

 deacon performed the administrative work of the diocese, he would claim a rightful share of the emolu- 

 ments. 



117 



