POLITICAL HISTORY 



changed for the remaining portion of the ninth century. After the 

 death of Halfdene, Bishop Eardulf returned to Northumberland, but 

 not to his ruined cathedral of Lindisfarne ; and his companion, Abbot 

 Eadred, surnamed Lulisc from Luel, the place of his habitation, had re- 

 turned to Luercestre or Luelcestre, as Carlisle was then called, from their 

 sacred odyssey with the saint's body. 1 It was at the monastery of Carlisle, 

 which had apparently escaped destruction during the first outburst of 

 heathen invasion, that St. Cuthbert appeared in a vision to Abbot 

 Eadred, and from which he sent him to proclaim to the Danes that 

 Guthred son of Hardacnute should be their king. 2 Though there is a 

 discrepancy in the date when this mission took place, one authority 

 fixing it in 883 and another in 890, it is of small consequence. The 

 fact of interest to be remembered is that the monastery of Carlisle re- 

 mained intact till the death of Halfdene. It is a point of great import- 

 ance in the history of the district if additional probability can be given 

 to the statements in the tracts ascribed to the authorship of Symeon that 

 Abbot Eadred returned to the monastery of Carlisle after his seven years' 

 pilgrimage. 3 The total destruction of the city by the Danes rests on the 

 sole authority of Florence of Worcester. In describing the conquest of 

 William Rufus in 1092 Florence advanced on the account given in the 

 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle by stating that the city, like some others in 

 these parts, had been destroyed by the pagan Danes two hundred years 

 before, and had remained deserted up to that time. This statement was 

 accepted by Symeon, and embodied in his history of the kings. 4 But 

 the destruction has not been noticed by either of the chroniclers in the 

 ordinary sequence of events during the Danish invasion, and no special 

 weight can be attached to the authority of Symeon in support of this 

 remarkable statement, inasmuch as he was but the faithful copyist of 

 Florence for the events of the period. There is much reason to believe 

 that the monastery of Dacore or Dacre, about 20 miles to the south of 

 Carlisle, at which miraculous cures are said to have been wrought in 728 

 by the agency of St. Cuthbert's relics, 5 was untouched by the ravages of 

 the Danes. It was at this place, as it would seem, that Athelstan re- 

 ceived the homage of the kings in 926." From the latter date, every 



1 Symeon, Hist. Regum, ii. 114, ed. Arnold ; i. 73, ed. Hinde. 



The Historia de S. Cuthberto calls Eadred the abbot of Luercestre, but it must be a scribal error 

 for Luelcestre (Symeon of Durham, i. 143, 231, ed. Hinde). Mr. Freeman has suggested a similar con- 

 fusion between the letters / and r in Gullkrmus for Guillelmus (Trans, of Cumb. and West. Arcbeeol. Sac. 

 vi. 244). 



3 It may be pointed out that Mr. Freeman at first stated that Lugubalia was part of the lands lost 

 to Northumbria by the fall of Ecgfrith (William Rufus, ii. 545), but he afterwards revised this opinion, 

 as he ' had not given heed enough to the story of Eadred, which clearly fixes the loss of the country, as 

 well as the destruction of the city, to the Danish invasion of 875 ' (Trans, of Cumb. and West. Archceol. 

 Sac. vi. 258). This paper on 'The Place of Carlisle in English History,' read at the joint meeting of 

 the Royal Archaeological Institute and the Cumberland and Westmorland Archaeological Society held 

 at Carlisle in 1882, deserves careful study. 



4 Hist. Regum, ii. 220, ed. Arnold. ' Haec enim civitas, ut illis in partibus aliae nonnullae, a 

 Danis paganis ante cc annos diruta, et usque ad tempus id mansit deserta.' 



Bede, Hist. Eccl. bk. iv. c. 32. 



6 The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (i. 1 99) states that the submission was made ' on thaere stowe the 

 genemned is aet Eamotum,' which Mr. Thorpe understood to be Emmet, but he has not indicated 



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