A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 



occasioned. 1 The citizens were more definite in their ' demand of 

 his Majestic at hys being at Carlisle,' for they petitioned to have a 

 nobleman to reside in Carlisle Castle as some compensation for the 

 reduction of the garrison after the Union, to have one of the three 

 sittings of York kept at Carlisle once in the year, no doubt to indulge 

 their litigious propensities of which Bishop Snowden warned the king, 

 and that he should be pleased for the honour of his name and posterity 

 to create an university in that poor city. 3 After hearing a sermon from 

 the bishop and taking leave of the civic dignitaries, James departed, and 

 nothing further was heard of the requests of the citizens. 3 



The first symptom of the struggle which was to occupy the whole 

 of the reign of Charles I. may be assigned to the king's letter to the 

 Earl of Cumberland, on 17 September 1625, asking for the levy of a 

 loan on privy seal. The justices of the peace made the common excuse 

 of inability to pay, owing to the poverty of the county, and sent up a 

 list of contributions, amounting to 320, which it was hoped would 

 meet immediate necessities/ The aid of Lord William Howard was 

 called in on account of the influence he was known to wield, as the 

 earlier appeal had met with such scant response. In spite of the dis- 

 inclination of the gentry of Cumberland to lend the king money, the 

 county as a whole stood firm in its allegiance. The development of the 

 disputes between him and his subjects and the resistance offered by 

 Scotland to his policy in that country soon brought Carlisle into a 

 position of the first importance. 5 For several years before the crisis 

 came, there were signs of military activity everywhere : the train- 

 bands of the county were mustered and drilled ; the magazines were 

 replenished with gunpowder ; munitions of war were collected and 

 stored ; the equipment of an army was in preparation, from the 

 supply of field-pieces and pistols to the music to be beaten by the 

 drummers. 8 The nobility and .gentry were ordered in 1638 to be in 

 readiness to repel the impending invasion of the Scots, and Sir Philip 

 Musgrave was appointed colonel of the. musters of the two counties 

 with instructions to secure Carlisle. 7 Having left Carlisle in charge 

 of Sir Francis Willoughby, Sir Philip took up his quarters at Scaleby 

 Castle with 100 men of his own company and sent a like number 

 to hold Bewcastle. Wentworth urged the king in May 1639 to 

 increase the garrison of Carlisle by 1,500 men : ' 500 men being too 



i A copy of the bishop's loyal address to the king, found among the papers of the first Duke of 

 Buckingham, has been printed by Chancellor Ferguson in Dioc. Hist, of Carlisle (S.P.C.K.), 731-3. 

 3 Some Municip. Rec. of Carlisle (Cumbld. and Westmld. Archzol. Soc.), 95. 



3 In the register of the guilds there is the following interesting entry : ' The King's most excellent 

 Majestye, James I., was here at Carliol, the 4th daye of August, 1617, where the Maiore of the city, Mr. 

 Adam Robinson, with Thomas Carleton, recorder, and the brethern presentyd hym firste with a speech, 

 then wyth a cup of golde, valued at 30, and a purse of sylke with 40 jacobuses or pieces of the same' 

 (Jefferson, Hist, of Carlisle, 46-7). 



4 Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. iii. App. p. 39 ; Rushworth, Hist. Coll. i. 422. 

 6 Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. iii. App. p. 79 ; iv. App. p. 55. 



8 Ibid. (Muncaster MSS.), x. App. iv. 273-4. 



T Burton, Life of Sir P. Musgrave (Carlisle Tracts), p. 6. 



286 



