POLITICAL HISTORY 



he left them w th tears in his eyes, but could not mend their commons.' 

 But no relief was coming for Carlisle ; and after the defeat of the king 

 at Naseby on 24 June 1645, Sir Thomas Glenham, whom Clarendon 1 

 calls ' an officer of very good esteem in the king's armies and of courage 

 and integrity unquestionable,' felt that nothing was left for him but to 

 capitulate, which he did on 25 June ' upon as honourable conditions as 

 any that were given in any surrenders.' The garrison marched out with 

 all the honours of war, ' with their arms, flying colours, drums beating, 

 matches lighted at both ends, bullets in their mouths, with all their bag 

 and baggage, and twelve charges of powder a piece.' Provision too was 

 made in the articles of surrender for the protection of the lives and 

 property of the citizens. Carlisle had once more covered itself with 

 glory. 2 It was, said Tullie, ' little in circuite but great and memorable 

 for loyalty.' As an instance of the changes and chances that happened 

 to men in this stirring period, it may be mentioned that the next time 

 David Leslie saw the city he had besieged and taken, he was in com- 

 mand of the army which Charles II. was leading on its way to ' the 

 crowning mercy ' of Worcester. 



Though Carlisle was surrendered, the principal men of the county 

 did not think at the time of making peace with the parliament. 

 With Sir Thomas Glenham they marched southwards and joined the 

 remnant of the Naseby army at Cardiff, where they requested the 

 king that they might serve him in one troop under the command of 

 Sir Philip Musgrave. The battle of Rowton Heath, which soon 

 followed, was fatal to the Cumberland contingent of the royal forces. 

 Sir Henry Fletcher and Mr. Philip Howard were slain, and Sir Philip 

 Musgrave and Sir Thomas Dacre were wounded and taken prisoners, 

 as were many of Sir Philip's troop. 3 Meanwhile an unsuccessful 

 attempt was made to retake Carlisle in October 1645 by the royalists 

 under Lord Digby and Sir Marmaduke Langdale, but they were 

 defeated in an engagement on Carlisle Sands.* In the following year 

 the growing estrangement between the Scottish and parliamentary forces 

 resulted in the dismissal of the former in December 1646, but the Scots 

 appear to have delayed their departure from Carlisle. When the com- 

 missioners, sent down to inspect the condition of the city, made their 

 report in February 1647, they stated that they had commenced the 

 work of slighting (dismantling) the fortifications on 26 January last, and 

 had found the town a model of misery and desolation as the sword, 

 famine and plague had left it. The garrison was ' yet in town,' and 

 recommended them an engineer to take down the ordnance from the 

 castle, citadel and walls, and remount them on carriages which were so 



1 Hist, of Rebellion (Oxford, 1826), iii. 185. 



2 The articles of surrender will be found in Todd's Account of the Citty of Carlile (Cumbld. and 

 Westmld. Archsol. Soc.), pp. 23-6. On 8 October 1644, Sir William Armyne informed Lenthall that the 

 castles of Scaleby, Naworth and Millom were holding out against the parliamentary forces as obstinately 

 as Carlisle (Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. [Portland MSS.], xiii. App. i. 185-6). 



3 Burton, Life of Musgrave (Carlisle Tracts), pp. 9-10. 



4 Baker, Cbron. of the Kings of England, p. 544. 



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