POLITICAL HISTORY 



Durand to undertake the defence of Carlisle. Arriving on 1 1 October, 

 the new governor found the city in a weak and defenceless condition. 

 The castle had no ditch, no outworks of any kind, no covered way. 

 The garrison consisted of two companies of invalids, making about 

 eighty men, very old and infirm ; two companies of militia, about one 

 hundred and fifty men ; a troop of light horse, about seventy, and the 

 town guard, said to consist of nine companies of thirty men each. Five 

 companies of the militia, which had been posted in the open villages of 

 the county, were brought in as a reinforcement of the garrison, and ten 

 pieces of ship cannon, which Captain Gilpin, one of the officers of the 

 invalids, had sent from Whitehaven, were mounted on the ramparts. 

 The outposts of the army of Prince Charles Edward appeared on 

 Stanwix Bank on 9 November, which was Martinmas term day, when 

 the city was thronged with people from the surrounding country, and 

 the investment was begun on the following day. Two days after, how- 

 ever, the prince, hearing that Marshal Wade was approaching from 

 Newcastle, withdrew his force and retired in the direction of Brampton. 

 The deputy mayor, with all the self-assertion of a municipal busybody, 

 immediately forwarded a jubilant despatch to the government, stating 

 that he had routed the rebels, and claiming ' that the town of Carlisle 

 had done his Majesty more service than the great city of Edinburgh or 

 than all Scotland together.' ' The king,' says Walpole in one of his 

 letters, ' spoke of him at his levee with great encomiums. Lord Stair 

 said, ' Yes, sir, Mr. Patterson has behaved very bravely.' The Duke 

 of Bedford interrupted him : ' My lord, his name is not Paterson, that 

 is a Scotch name ; his name is Patinson.' But the deputy mayor had 

 made his boast too soon. On 1 3 November the Duke of Perth returned, 

 and two days after the castle and city were surrendered to the rebels. 

 The part played by the doughty Pattinson was treated with great 

 ridicule by the ballad-mongers of the period. Walpole only expressed 

 the universal contempt for the blustering and pompous burgher when he 

 said you may spell his name any way you like. 1 



The extraordinary conduct of the militia of the two counties, to 

 which the early surrender of the town was chiefly due, is indefensible, 

 and can only be explained by their want of moral and discipline. The 

 military governor was thwarted at every turn by their mutinous attitude 

 and by the intermeddling of the municipal authorities. A few days 

 after the militia arrived, the statutory month of service having expired, 8 

 they were with difficulty persuaded to remain on a promise of advance 

 of pay. ' In this manner,' said Chancellor Waugh, ' some of the 

 militia officers were in some sort compelled to stay, though much 

 against their inclinations or real intentions ; others of them were ready 

 and willing to do their best service for the defence of the place ; the 



1 Letters of H. Walpole to H. Mann (ed. Lord Dover), ii. 156-9. 



1 The order in council for raising the militia is dated 5 September 1745 ; Lord Lonsdale's letter to 

 the deputy lieutenants of the two counties to call a meeting for a muster is dated 9 September ; the muster 

 roll was taken on 28 September. 



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