A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 



In the dip north drift, driven from No. I 

 Pit, Crosby Colliery, the following scams 

 were passed through below the Lick Bank 

 Seam, viz. : 



Thickness Depth from Lick 

 of coal Bank Seam 



ft. in. faths. 



1 1 . Coal Scam . . 2 3 . . 2 1 



12. . . 2 o . . 27 

 ij- ..*,.. 37 



OUGHTERSIDE AND AsPATRIA * 

 Thickness of 

 coal 



Seam 



Yard . . 



Little Main 

 Lick Bank 



ft. 

 4 



2 

 I 



Depth 



faths. 



8 9 



108 

 123 



BROUGHTON, RIBTON, CLIFTON AND 

 GREYSOUTHEN 2 



Thickness of 



Seam 



I. 



2. 



3- 



4- 

 5- 



coal 

 ft. in. 



3 

 I 



5 

 i 



2 



7 



2 



2 

 2 



Depth 

 faths. 



17 

 24 



31 



37 



White Metal . 

 Slaty .... 

 Ten Quarters 

 Rattler . . . 

 Crow .... 



6. Cannel and Metal . 7 o . . 60 



7. Yard 2 o . . 73 



8. Little Main . . . 2 o . . 93 



9. Lick Bank . . . 2 o . . 99 



The base of the Lower Coal Measures 

 cannot at present be defined because the Mill- 

 stone Grit has not been identified in any shaft 

 or borehole ; but the Yoredale rocks or Car- 

 boniferous Limestone have been proved, in 

 several parts of the coalfield, through the 

 Coal Measures. The Limestone was reached 

 in two boreholes, put down near Fitz, Aspa- 

 tria, in the strata below the Yard Band, at the 

 depth of 70 fathoms from the surface ; at 

 Crosby Colliery, in the dip north drift, at 43 

 fathoms below the Lick Bank Seam ; at John 

 Pit, Harrington, at 33 fathoms below the 

 Udale Seam ; and lastly, at Ladysmith Pit, 

 Whitehaven, at 54^ fathoms below the Main 

 Band. 



Correlation of the Seams. Until the publi- 

 cation of Mr. J. D. Kendall's paper, in 1883, 

 on the ' Structure of the Cumberland Coal- 

 field,' the correlation of the seams met with 

 in the different districts of the coalfield had 

 not been thoroughly undertaken. It may 

 now be summed up as follows : 



(i) The Five Feet Coal at Cleator Moor 

 corresponds to the Moorbanks Seam at Working- 

 ton and the Ten Quarters Seam at Greysouthen, 

 Ellenborough, Bullgill, Dearham, Flimby and 

 Broughton Moor. 



1 Compiled from the sections of No. 3 Pit, and 

 the bore-hole at No. i Pit, Aspatria. 



2 Compiled from the sections of William and 

 Lowther Pits, Clifton. 



(2) The Bannock Band at Cleator Moor and 

 Whitehaven corresponds to the Little Main Band 

 at Workington and the Rattler Band at Ellen- 

 borough. 



(3) The Main Band at Whitehaven, Cleator 

 Moor and Workington is one and the same seam, 

 and corresponds to the Cannel and Metal Band, 

 together with the Crow Coal, in the Maryport 

 district. 



(4) The Yard Band (known as the Main Band 

 in the Bolton Colliery) is continuous throughout 

 the coalfield. 



(5) The Lick Bank seam of Greysouthen is the 

 Hamilton Band at Workington, the Three Feet 

 Seam at Harrington, the Six Quarter Seam at 

 Whitehaven, and the Low Bottom Seam at Clea- 

 tor Moor. 



The Coal Seams : Thickness, character and 

 mode of working. The sections given above 

 furnish the number and names of the seams, 

 with the approximate average thickness of coal 

 in each. 



The thickness of the coal and the bands of 

 ' metal ' almost invariably found intercalated 

 with the coal in all the seams differ so much, 

 even in the same colliery, that it would be 

 tedious and confusing to give numerous and 

 detailed sections to show the different phases 

 in which each seam is found all over the coal- 

 field. 



But the Main Band, the most important of 

 all the seams, deserves more than a passing 

 notice. At Whitehaven, Cleator Moor, 

 Montreal, Asby, Walkmill, Oatlands, and 

 Clifton it may be said to form one seam, 

 though divided by thin layers of 'metal.' 

 North of Workington these ' metal ' bands 

 develop in thickness, dividing the coal into 

 three separate and distinct seams, known re- 

 spectively by the names of the Crow Coal, 

 the Metal Band, and the Cannel Band. 



The following section, taken in the Delaval 

 district, William Pit, Whitehaven, will give 

 some idea of the character of the Main Band 

 where it forms one seam, in the greatest per- 

 fection : 



12 2 + I O = 13 2 



350 



