INDUSTRIES 



under the foreshore was worked at the latter 

 until 1858, when it was closed. 



In 1855 they sank Robin Hood Pit, also 

 in Mr. Curwen's property. 



In 1854 Messrs. Harris, Nicholson and 

 Mulcaster took Lord Lonsdale's Seaton Moor 

 royalty, and opened Nos. 2 and 3 in Flimby 

 in the Cannel Band. These pits were stopped 

 in 1869. 



In 1855 Messrs. Isaac Bass and Robert 

 Wilson became the lessees of Lord Lonsdale's 

 Flimby royalties. Subsequently Flimby Col- 

 lieries were worked by Mr. Wilson and his 

 sons until 1 893, when the concern was formed 

 into the Flimby and Broughton Moor Coal 

 and Firebrick Co., Ltd. The pits now draw- 

 ing coals at Flimby are Watergate Pit, sunk 

 in 1866; Robin Hood Pit; and Moor Pit, 

 sunk in 1873 > fr m which most of the seams 

 occurring in the coalfield have been worked 

 over a large area. Mr. Wilson took over the 

 Seaton Moor Collieries in 1870. 



The only other colliery in Flimby is at 

 Gillhcad, where the Gillhead Coal and Fire- 

 brick Co. have been working coal, fireclay 

 and ganister from the Little Main and Lick- 

 bank Seams since 1897. Mr. J ^ 11 Scurr 

 had a pit at Gillhead in 1832, but the present 

 shaft was sunk by Messrs. Lucock and Carl- 

 ton in 1867. In 1875 Mr. Henry Graves, 

 Aspatria, took the colliery, and was in 1881 

 succeeded by his son, Mr. Richard Graves, 

 who carried it on until 1897. 



In the manor of Ellenborough Mr. Sen- 

 house of Netherhall began to work coal in a 

 small way about 1740. In 1767 he let his 

 colliery at Ellenborough to Messrs. Monk- 

 house and Laws, who required coal for their 

 glass works. The colliery having been sur- 

 rendered, Mr. Senhouse resumed working it 

 in 1772. 



In 1772 Ellenborough Colliery or Mally 

 Pit produced 60 tons of coal per week, and in 

 1786 the output had risen to 500 tons a 

 week. 



Soon afterwards Mr. Senhouse engaged 

 Mr. George Wrightson of Byker, Newcastle- 

 on-Tyne, to be his viewer. In 1790 he 

 erected a ' fire-engine ' made by the Carron 

 Company at the new winning, Great Pit, 

 Ellenborough. It had a 36 in. cylinder, and 

 the pumps were 9 in. diameter. In 1792 it 

 was removed to a more advantageous position 

 at Engine Pit in Ellenborough Gill. 



From 1786 to 1790 Morrison, Ashley, 

 Common, Martin, Gavel and Meadow Pits 

 were sunk. In 1790 the output was about 

 250 tons a week. 



After 1790 Gill, Kirkborough, Beck Moor, 

 Brick and Ann Pits were sunk. 



Mr. Senhouse continued working Ellen- 

 borough Colliery until 1808. None of the 

 Ellenborough Pits had yet been sunk below 

 the Senhouse High Band, then called the 

 Orfeur Seam. 



It will be convenient to refer here to the 

 adjacent Ewanrigg estate belonging to Mr. 

 Christian, because after 1849 Mr. Joseph 

 Harris carried on both Ewanrigg and Ellen- 

 borough Collieries. Prior to 1755 Mr. John 

 Christian had sunk pits in his manor of 

 Ewanrigg. He and his son, Mr. John 

 Christian Curwen, sank John or Dog Ken- 

 nel, Henry, William, Thompson, Cass, 

 Rough Ground, Mall Scott, Middle Tarn 

 and High Pits to the Cannel Band. 



Ewanrigg and Broughton Collieries were 

 from an early period worked together ; and at 

 the latter coal was worked from numerous 

 shallow pits. 



In 1755 Messrs. Humphrey Senhouse, 

 Netherhall ; John Christian, Ewanrigg ; 

 Thomas Hartley, John Gale, Edmund Gib- 

 son, Whitehaven ; and James Postlethwaite, 

 Maryport, entered upon Broughton Colliery. 

 They worked the ' Main ' and ' Little ' Bands 

 at the Three Quarters, East and West Saw 

 Pits, at the rate of 200 tons a week. 



During 1773 Mr. Christian bought out 

 the other partners in Broughton Colliery, 

 which he, and afterwards his son, Mr. John 

 Christian Curwen, carried on in connection 

 with the Ewanrigg Colliery. 



During twenty -six years ended 1781, 

 765,530 tons, of 36 Winchester bushels 

 each, were raised from Broughton pits. 



In 1802 Mr. J. C. Curwen took a lease of 

 Broughton Colliery from the Earl of Egre- 

 mont, who stipulated that Ewanrigg level 

 should be extended to No. 35 Pit in Brough- 

 ton Moor. This water-level had been made 

 from the low ground, near Ewanrigg Hall, to 

 the Cannel Band in Broughton, and on its 

 extension measured, with its branches, nearly 

 2 miles. Mr. Christian also constructed a 

 wooden waggon-way from Broughton pits 

 to the Arches near Ewanrigg Hall, whence 

 the coals were carted to Maryport. In 1812 

 18,498 tons of coal were raised at Mr. 

 Curwen's Broughton Colliery, chiefly from 

 the Cannel Band. 



The area mined in Broughton Moor is 

 divided into six distinct strips by north and 

 south faults. In the most westerly of these 

 divisions next to Flimby, Seaton, and Ribton, 

 Mr. Curwen sank Middle Tarn, High Tarn, 

 Brough and Country Pits, and Messrs. Ross, 

 Fletcher & Co., Wyndham Pit. In the next 

 or second division to the east, separated from 

 the first by an upthrow west fault of 20 



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