A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 



fathoms, were Old Level, Fiery, Low Tarn, 

 and Standing-stone Pits, sunk by Mr. Curwen. 

 Buckhill Pit is in this tract. The third tract, 

 separated from the second by an up east fault 

 of 30 fathoms, is studded with numerous old 

 pits, including Philip Pit, sunk by Mr. Curwen, 

 at the north, and old Ruston Pit at the south. 

 In the fourth tract, separated from the third by 

 an upthrow west fault of 1 8 fathoms, were 

 numerous old pits (sunk along the outcrop near 

 a down east fault of 30 fathoms which divides 

 the fourth and fifth tracts), and Bertha Pit 

 from which coal was worked to the south as 

 far as Bradmoor Pits. In the fifth tract, the 

 chief pits were the Henry or Nelson (closed in 

 1862), and Mary Pits. In the sixth tract, 

 furthest to the east, separated from the fifth by 

 an upthrow east fault of 12 fathoms coal was 

 worked from the fault to the outcrop by scores 

 of old pits, extending to Little Broughton. 



In recent years a piece of Cannel Band, in 

 the northern part of the sixth tract, was 

 wrought from Road End Pit up to the out- 

 crop. 



From 183710 1856 Messrs. Ross, Fletcher 

 & Co. worked Wyndham, Standing-stone, 

 Nelson, Mary and Road End Pits. 



In 1 860 Mr. John Harris, Darlington, sank 

 the first Bertha Pit, and worked it until 1872, 

 when Mr. Robert Wilson took the northern 

 portion of Broughton Moor, upon which the 

 new Bertha Pit is sunk, and Messrs. I. and 

 W. Fletcher took the remainder of Lord 

 Leconfield's Broughton royalty on which 

 Buckhill Pit is sunk. 



At Bertha Pit, 72 fathoms to the Lickbank 

 Seam, the seams below the Cannel Band are 

 now being worked by the Flimby and Brough- 

 ton Moor Coal and Firebrick Co., Ltd., Mr. 

 Wilson's successors. 



At Buckhill Pit 66 fathoms deep to the 

 Little Main Seam, the Main, Yard, and 

 Little Main Seams are being worked by the 

 Allerdale Coal Co., Ltd., who succeeded 

 Messrs. Fletcher. 



Near Dearham boundary, in the township 

 of Little Broughton, the Ten Quarters Seam 

 was worked to Lonsdale Pit, Dearham, until 

 its abandonment in 1894. 



In 1898 Messrs. Williamson and Walton 

 sank Alice Pit, Outfields, in Little Broughton, 

 to the Ten Quarters Seam. 



To revert to Ewanrigg and Ellenborough 

 Collieries. Ewanrigg Colliery was worked 

 by the Christian family up to 1836, when it 

 was taken by Mr. A. W. Hillary, son of Sir 

 William Hillary, who worked the colliery up 

 to 1840, when Mr. Joseph Harris took it. 

 He abandoned the old pits and began a new 

 winning, at Risehow, which was unsuccessful. 



On entering upon Ellenborough Colliery, 

 Mr. Joseph Harris began the sinking of No. 2 

 shaft which was completed to the Ten 

 Quarters Seam, 100 fathoms, in 1851. 



The Maryport Haematite Iron and Steel 

 Co., Ltd., were lessees of the colliery from 

 1878 until 1891, when they went into liqui- 

 dation. 



From the shafts now open, the Rattler, 

 Ten Quarters and Cannel and Metal Seams 

 have been worked to the north up to the fault 

 which throws in the Permian Sandstone, at 

 Maryport. 



In 1892 Ellenborough Colliery was closed. 



In 1895 the present lessees, the Ellen- 

 borough Colliery Co., Ltd., took the colliery, 

 and began working the Senhouse High Band. 



In the parish of Dearham, Sir James 

 Lowther, Whitehaven, was amongst the first 

 to work coal. From 1723 to 1758 he 

 worked the Dearham Crosa or Crosey Pits. 



In 1728 Crosa Colliery, comprising Hazel, 

 Gill and Wilson Pits, at which there were 

 only 6 hewers, was under the supervision of 

 Mr. Carlisle Spedding, Whitehaven. 



From 1732 to 1736 Troughear, Bell, 

 Reavel and Bowerham Pits, and from 1736 

 to 1750, Tolson, Fortune, Winder, Shilton, 

 Grindall, Simond, Armstrong, Jacob, Fletcher, 

 Gardner, Cason and Birkby Pits were sunk at 

 Crosa. 



In 1750 the output of coal at Crosa Pits 

 was I oo tons a week. 



In 1752 Hazel Gill and Wren, and in 

 1755 Cason Bell, Orfeur and Wilson Pits 

 were producing a total output of 150 tons a 

 week. 



In 1758 Sir James Lowther was working 

 Little and Sim Pits at Crosa, probably the 

 last which he worked in Dearham. 



Since then others have worked coal further 

 up Row Beck towards Townhead. 



In 1803 Mr. James Penn worked the 

 Rattler Band from a pit 13 fathoms deep, 

 near Dearham Hall ; and the pillars in the 

 Ten Quarters Seam were being brought back 

 from day-holes in the east bank at Row 

 Beck. 



In 1808 Dearham Row Colliery, on the 

 opposite side of Row Beck, was at work. 



About 1820 Mr. John Walker, Flimby 

 Park Colliery, became lessee of the Earl of 

 Lonsdale's Dearham royalty, and worked the 

 Ten Quarters Seam at Hope, William and 

 Bell Pits. 



After his day his sons (Messrs. John and 

 Thomas Walker), and after them Messrs. 

 John Mackintosh and Thomas Walker (sons 

 of Mr. Thomas Walker) further developed 

 Dearham Colliery in the Ten Quarters and 



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