INDUSTRIES 



Cannel and Metal Bands. They sank Scott, 

 George, Croft and Victoria Pits, but their 

 principal pits were Lowther and Lonsdale. 



Lonsdale Pit was sunk in Dcarham Out- 

 gang about 1830. Several years afterwards, 

 the pumping plant proving to be inadequate, 

 the workings became flooded. The pumping 

 engine was then removed to the new winning 

 (completed in 1840), named Lowther Pit, in 

 Garlic Gill ; and Lonsdale Pit stood till 

 1852, when more powerful machinery was 

 erected and enabled it to be re-opened. 



In 1877 Messrs. J. M. and T. Walker 

 sold Dearham Colliery to Mr. John Osmas- 

 ton, Derby. The colliery was not successful 

 during his tenancy, and was taken over by 

 the Cumberland Union Banking Co., who 

 carried on Lonsdale Pit, until 1894, when 

 the lease was surrendered and the colliery 

 abandoned. 



Others besides the Walker family worked 

 coal in Dearham after the Lowthers, but 

 none to the like extent. In 1820 Mr. 

 Ephraim Barker had a pit near Bell Pit, from 

 which he worked the Ten Quarters Seam, at 

 1 4 fathoms; and in 1823 he was working 

 a pit, 5 fathoms deep to the Cannel Band, at 

 High Crosshow. 



In 1840, Messrs. Ostle and Duglinson 

 were working the Cannel Band, 30 fathoms 

 deep, at a pit on the east bank of Row Beck, 

 near Townhead. In its vicinity Messrs. 

 Wood and Steel worked the Cannel and 

 Metal Band at John Pit from 1846 to 1850. 

 The same firm also sank, about 1842, 

 Orchard Pit, near Dearham Hall, which was 

 afterwards sunk by Mr. John Steel, M.P., 

 to the Little Main Seam. 



In 1842 waggon roads were made from 

 the Dearham pits to the Maryport and Car- 

 lisle Railway. 



In 1860 Orchard Pit, still worked by Mr. 

 Steel, found employment for 80 persons, and 

 produced about 1 1,000 tons of coal. 



Messrs. W. Tickle & Sons were getting 

 coal and fireclay, between 1866 and 1877, ' n 

 Dearham, from the thin seams below the 

 Yard Band out of adits on the east bank of 

 the Ellen. From 1894 to 1901 Messrs. Steele 

 and Beveridge were working coal and fireclay 

 in the same locality. 



After the abandonment of Lonsdale Pit, a 

 company of working men re-opened a pit, 

 worked by Mr. John Paitson in 1823, at 

 Townhead, and began working the Cannel 

 and Yard Bands between Lonsdale Pit work- 

 ings, and Row Beck. The company went 

 into liquidation in 1903. 



At the same time the Dearham Colliery 

 Co., Ltd., composed largely of working men, 



was formed. They reopened the old shafts 

 at Crosshow, and worked the 1 8 in. Little 

 Main and Lickbank Seams until 1903, when 

 the company went into liquidation. 



In the parish of Dovenby the principal coal 

 workings have been made in recent times near 

 the outcrop of the Cannel Band, near Sepul- 

 chre Beck. 



From 1830 to 1838 Messrs. Henry Tickle 

 & Son worked the Cannel and Metal Band 

 from a pit sunk south of Row Beck Mill. 



About 1853 Messrs. Steel and Miller sunk 

 a pit 25 fathoms deep near Dovenby Close 

 and worked the Cannel and Metal, Yard and 

 Little Main Seams until 1860. 



The next venture was by Messrs. Harris 

 and Carlton, who sank in 1872 a pit near the 

 south-east corner of Dearham parish, and 

 worked the Cannel and Metal, Yard, Little 

 Main, and Brassey seams. Messrs. Harris & 

 Son, Derwent Thread Mills, and afterwards 

 Messrs. James and William Wood, Glasgow, 

 continued the colliery until 1895, when it 

 was laid in. Since then no coal has been 

 worked in Dovenby. 



The collieries that have been worked in 

 Gilcrux parish lie between the Ellen and the 

 fault which throws up the Carboniferous Lime- 

 stone near the village. The first coal mining 

 was by the Dykes family, Dovenby Hall, in 

 1740. In 1784 Miss Dykes, lady of the manor, 

 and Mr. Sealby had each two pits at work in 

 Gilcrux. 



In 1807 the original Gilcrux Colliery, 

 covering an area of 40 acres in the Metal 

 and Ten Quarters Seams, which had been 

 drained by the water mill at the ' Bob ' Pit 

 near the Ellen, was standing full of water. 

 The actual working part of the colliery was 

 so much troubled in 1807 that Mr. Grieve, 

 Edinburgh, who was consulted, advised its 

 removal from the vicinity of the springs at 

 Gilcrux village and that a new winning be 

 made west of the old Water Mill Pit. 



In 1808 Mr. Grieve surveyed the route of 

 a projected waggon road from Gilcrux Colliery 

 to the sea at Blue Dial. At the same time 

 he suggested the alternative scheme of an 

 underground level from the sea at Blue Dial 

 to Gilcrux Colliery, similar to the Bridge- 

 water Canal, inasmuch as it could be used 

 not only for the conveyance of coal but also 

 for the drainage of the colliery. 



Mr. Dykes did not live to carry out either 

 of these proposals, and in 1831 his widow 

 decided to lease the colliery. At that time 

 the field of coal won by Jane Pit, the sole 

 one then at work, was nearly exhausted. 



In 1831 the colliery was leased to Messrs. 

 William Quayle and Williamson Peile, col- 



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