INDUSTRIES 



The old Domain Colliery was stopped in 

 1861. 



In the Aspatria district, the Yard Band is 

 found, in great perfection, upwards of 4 feet 

 thick. 



Mr. Joseph Harris, Greysouthen, embarked 

 in coal-mining there in 1822, when he sank 

 a pit in Plumbland, and worked the Yard 

 Band up to the outcrop. 



In 1826 Messrs. Drewry & Co., and in 

 1836 Mr. Thornthwaite, were working the 

 Yard Band from pits at Arkleby. 



In 1850 Mr. Harris, son of the lessee of 

 the Plumbland and Oughterside Collieries, 

 sank Nos. i and 2 Pits, Bray ton Domain Col- 

 liery, from which the Yard Band was worked, 

 until 1870, when the coal was exhausted up 

 to the outcrop and to faults. 



In 1869 Mr. Harris's trustees sank No. 3 

 Brayton Domain Pit, over a large downthrow 

 fault, which puts in the Yard Band again to 

 the east. 



At No. 3 Pit, closed in 1902, a large tract 

 of Yard Band has been worked eastward to 

 the outcrop at Blennerhasset and Baggrow, 

 and northwards to the Permian fault. 



No. 4 Brayton Domain Pit was sunk near 

 Brayton Junction, 1888-92, by Mr. Joseph 

 Harris, Calthwaite Hall, 92 fathoms to the 

 Yard Band, 5 ft. thick, beyond the fault, 

 which was regarded, at one time, to be the 

 northern limit of the coalfield. 



East of No. 3 Pit is Allhallows Colliery, 

 sunk near Mealsgate Station, by Messrs. I. 

 and W. Fletcher, in 1874, to the Yard Band, 

 5 ft. thick, a depth of 105 fathoms. The 

 Allerdale Coal Co., Ltd., who now have the 

 colliery the only one now at work in the 

 eastern part of the coalfield, sank the Brayton 

 Knowe Pit to the same seam in 1902. 



East of Allhallows lie the old disused Priest- 

 croft, Weary Hall, Crummock, and Bolton 

 Collieries at the eastern termination of the 

 coalfield where the Crow, Master and Yard 

 Bands were worked. Coal in this region had 

 been worked in 1567, but not very largely 

 until the middle of the eighteenth century. 



In 1782 two 'fire-engines,' one with a 

 42 in. and the other with a 30 in. cylinder, 

 were advertised to be sold at Weary Hall 

 Colliery. 



In 1809 Messrs. Fawcett, Crosthwaite & 

 Co. held a lease of Low Bolton and Weary 

 Hall Collieries from the Earl of Egremont. 

 The aggregate output for the year was 28,000 

 tons of coal. 



Crummock Colliery lay to the east of 

 Weary Hall Colliery. In 1830 the Crow 

 and Master Bands were approaching ex- 

 haustion in that pit. A nip which occurs in 



those seams there was described by Mr. 

 Williamson Peile in 1831.' 



In 1858 Messrs. Thomas Addison & Co. 

 had Bolton, Weary Hall and Crummock Col- 

 lieries, and Messrs. Drewry & Co., Priestcroft 

 Colliery near Mealsgate. In 1863 Priestcroft 

 Colliery, and in 1865 Weary Hall Colliery, 

 ceased work. Bolton Colliery, held by Messrs. 

 Addison & Co., remained open till 1869. 

 Coal was last worked in Bolton in 1874 by 

 the Maryport Iron Company. 



MlD-CuMBERLAND COALFIELD 



This title may be given to that part of the 

 belt of Carboniferous Limestone strata, ranging 

 from the eastern extremity of the western 

 coalfield towards Penrith, in which several 

 thin beds of coal have been worked, notably 

 in Caldbeck and Warnell Fells. 



According to Hutchinson, writing in 1794, 

 Mr. Joseph Dobson, manager of Warnell Fell 

 Colliery, had stated there was evidence to 

 prove that coals had been dug there 300 years 

 before that time. The Rev. Thomas Robinson, 

 rector of Ousby, writing in 1709, said the 

 seam of coal worked at Warnell was 1 8 in. 

 thick, and that the colliery, which was very 

 ancient, had 'served the neighbouring towns 

 for some ages.' a 



In 1738 Charles, Duke of Somerset, pur- 

 chased from the trustees of the Duke of 

 Wharton the manor of Caldbeck, including 

 a colliery. Caldbeck Colliery down to 1750 

 was held under the Duke of Somerset ; but 

 it was leased by the Earl of Egremont to 

 various tenants from that date to 1822, since 

 when it has been unlet. In 1774 Sir James 

 Lowther bought the manor of Warnell. Coal 

 had then been worked in the manor at Holmes 

 Colliery, where there were three powerful 

 water ' bob ' engines, and also at Stockdale 

 Gill level driven into the high ground north- 

 east of the Hall. 



These collieries were standing in I775> 

 but Broadmoor Colliery near Shauk Beck, in 

 the parish of Westward, was then at work. 

 At Stockdale Gill Colliery the seam had been 

 worked long-wall. 



About 1780 the Rev. J. Watson, Cumrew, 

 recorded that a few coals were got in Scale- 

 field, Greystoke. 



In 1794, according to Hutchinson, War- 

 nell Colliery was a considerable undertaking, 

 carried on by the Duke of Norfolk, who held 

 it under the Duke of Portland ; but, owing 



1 Trans. Nat. Hist. Sue. of 'Northumberland and 

 Durham, ii. 178-80. 



a An Essay towards a Nat. Hist, of Cumberland 

 and Westmorland. 



379 



