A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 



Callan, in 1717 as * papists ' registered their estate in 

 the house called Blackbrook.* 5 



The Hospitallers' estate at C4TLET was held by 

 Guy Holland about 1540." The Holland family 

 had other estates in the same part of Haydock. 37 



In connexion with the Established Church St. 

 James's was built in i866; 38 there is a mission 

 chapel called St. Mark's. The rector of Ashton in 

 Makerfield is the patron. 



A Wesleyan Methodist chapel was built in 1 846 ; 

 and a Primitive Methodist one in 1875. The Bap- 

 tists have a place of worship, erected in 1876. A 

 Congregational church was built in 1892 by Miss 

 Ruth Evans, in memory of her brother Joseph, one 

 of the colliery owners of the district. 39 



The Roman Catholic school-chapel of the English 

 Martyrs was opened in 1879 ; it was at first served 

 from Blackbrook, St. Helens, but a resident priest was 

 appointed in 1887.* 



WINWICK WITH HULME 



Winequic, 1170; Winewich, 1204 ; Wynewyc, 

 Wynequic, 1212; Wynequick, 1277. The suffix 

 -quick or -whick long survived. 



Hulm, 1276 ; Holum, xiii cent. ; Holm, 1279. 



Winwick consists of open country, and is chiefly 

 celebrated for the beautiful parish church in the vil- 

 lage, which stands slightly elevated above the surround- 

 ing country. There are many picturesque old houses, 

 some with thatched roofs. Some little distance north 

 of the town is St. Oswald's Well, a shallow depression 

 in a field, and easily overlooked on account of its in- 

 significant appearance. There are still some fine 

 beech trees around the village, which are particularly 



noticeable in a country where timber has dwindled to 

 apologies for trees. The outlying land is composed 

 of arable and pasture land. Crops of potatoes, oats, 

 and wheat flourish in the loamy soil, with clay in 

 places, over a solid sandstone rock. There is some 

 marshy mossland, bare of trees, on the south-west. 

 The geological formation consists wholly of the 

 Bunter series of the New Red Sandstone ; to the 

 south-west of Winwick and south of Hulme of the 

 Upper Mottled Sandstone of that series, elsewhere of 

 the Pebble Beds. 



This township, which has an area of 1,440 acres, 1 

 lies on the east side of the Sankey ; Newton Brook 

 bounds it on the north, while another small brook on 

 the south cuts it off from Orford and Warrington. 

 The southern end is called Hulme ; there is no 

 defined boundary between it and Winwick proper. 

 The township was enlarged in 1894 by the addition 

 of Orford from Warrington ; la and it has been 

 divided into three wards Winwick, Hulme, and 

 Orford for the election of its parish council. 



The principal road leads north from Warrington 

 to Wigan ; it is to the east of the old Roman road. 

 At the church it divides ; one branch goes by Newton 

 and Ashton, and the other by Golborne and Ince, to 

 Wigan. 



The London and North- Western Company's main 

 line to the north passes through the township, with a 

 junction for Earlestown near the northern boundary. 

 The Sankey Canal passes along the western boundary. 



A great lunatic asylum has been erected by the 

 County Council on the lands of the former rectory. 



Two encounters took place here in the Civil War ; 

 in 1643 Colonel Assheton routed the Cavaliers * and in 

 1648 Cromwell overtook and defeated the Duke of 

 Hamilton and his Scottish force. 3 This battle took 



88 Engl. Cath. Non-juror *, 114. 



M Kuerden MSS. v, fol. 84 ; the rent 

 was I2</. In 1546 Sir Peter Legh ac- 

 quired Guy Holland's lands in Haydock ; 

 Pal. of Lane. Feet of F. bdle. 12, m. 196. 



W Sir Thurstan de Holland granted to 

 William his son all his part of Cayley in 

 Haydock, the bounds beginning where 

 Kemesley Clough fell into the Sankey 

 and going across outside the hedge of 

 Cayley to Clippesley Brook and Black- 

 brook, then up Sankey to the starting 

 point. He further gave him three ox- 

 gangs in the Butterscrofts under the wood 

 of Haydock, with the usual easements 

 and common rights. A rent of a mark 

 was to be paid yearly to Sir Thurstan 

 during his life, and nothing afterwards ; 

 but the rent of I2</. due to the Hospital- 

 lers was to be paid by William de Holland 

 and his heirs ; Raines, loc. cit. 229. He 

 also granted Barley Metes to William; ibid. 

 225. Matthew son of Gilbert de Hay- 

 dock granted William son of Thurstan de 

 Holland land in Cayley in the Blackrid- 

 ding (or in Warrington Cliff), in exchange 

 for another piece on Ewittinges Hedge, 

 abutting upon Hengrave ; ibid. 231, 233. 



In 1307 William son of Sir Thurstan 

 demised to his lord William son of Sir 

 Robert de Holland two oxgangs in Hay- 

 dock for a term of sixteen years at a rent 

 of us. Seven years later Sir William de 

 Holland gave land near the Blackridding to 

 Richard son of William de Holland of 

 Cayley, in exchange for the two oxgangs 

 Sir William had on lease ; ibid. 31, 33. 



William son of Richard de Holland of 

 Cayley is mentioned in 1339 ; ibid. 45. 



Margaret widow of William de Holland 

 of Cayley in 1347 leased to Gilbert de 

 Haydock and John his son for six years 

 lands in Cayley, which she held by reason 

 of the minority of her son Richard, at a 

 rent of 401. ; ibid. 47. The son may be 

 the Richard de Cayley to whom in the 

 following year John son of Gilbert de 

 Haydock gave all his lands and buildings 

 in Haydock ; ibid. 49. 



Another William de Holland of Cayley 

 occurs in 1383 ; ibid. 57. 



88 A district was assigned Jn 1864; 

 Land. Gaz. 30 Aug. 



89 Nightingale, Lanes. Nonconf. iv, 166; 

 preaching had begun a few years earlier. 



40 Liverpool Catb. Ann. 1901. 



1 Including 1,091 in Winwick and 349 

 in Hulme. The census of 1901 gives 

 2,081, but this includes Orford. The 

 population, 1,253, a ' so includes Orford. 



la Local Govt. Bd. Order 31665. 



2 23 May 1643. 'Whilst the duty (of 

 prayer and fasting) was in performing 

 tidings came of the taking of Winwick 

 Church and steeple, they on the steeple 

 standing on terms till God sent a deadly 

 messenger out of a fowling piece to one 

 of them ; also a strong hall [the rectory] 

 possessed by professed Roman Catholics 

 and stored with provision, as if it had been 

 purposely laid in both for our supply and 

 ease'; Civil War Tracts (Chet. Soc.), 

 138. 



For a counter attack on the parsonage 

 in 1650, and its tragic results, see the ac- 

 count of Rixton. 



8 Cromwell wrote : 'We could not en- 

 gage the enemy until we came within 



I4O 



three miles of Warrington, and then the 

 enemy made a stand at a pass near Win- 

 wick. We held them in some dispute 

 till our army came up,they maintaining the 

 pass with great resolution for many hours, 

 ours and theirs coming to push of pike 

 and very close charges, and forced us to 

 give ground ; but our men, by the bless- 

 ing of God, quickly recovered it, and 

 charging very home upon them, beat them 

 from their standing, where we killed about 

 a thousand of them and took (as we be- 

 lieve) about two thousand prisoners, and 

 prosecuted them home to Warrington 

 town ' ; Civil ffar Tracti, 264. It is 

 stated that the ' foot threw down their 

 arms and ran into Winwick Church,' 

 where they were kept under guard ; ibid. 

 This fight took place 19 Aug. 1648. 



Another account states : ' The greatest 

 stand they (the Scots) made was between 

 Newton and Winwick, in a strait passage 

 in that lane that they made very strong 

 and forcible, so that Cromwell's men 

 could not fight them. But by the in- 

 formation of the people thereabouts and 

 by their direction they were so guided into 

 the fields that they came about so that 

 they drove them up to that little green 

 place of ground short of Winwick church 

 and there they made a great slaughter of 

 them, and then pursued them to Warring- 

 ton' ; Lanes. War (Chet. Soc.), 66. In 

 the notes (p. 145) is an extract from 

 Heath's Chron. (323): ' The Scots at 

 Red Bank fight were commanded by a 

 little spark in a blue bonnet who per- 

 formed the part of an excellent comman- 

 der and was killed on the spot.' 



