SALFORD HUNDRED 



MANCHESTER 



nounced forms. The preaching of John Bradford 

 may have had something to do with the change, 

 though he was so little satisfied that he warned his 

 audiences that ' because they did not readily embrace 

 the Word of God, the Mass should again be said in 

 that church, and the play of Robin Hood acted 

 there.' 34 His letters and George Marsh's show that 

 there were a certain number of resolute Protestants in 

 the town in Mary's reign, 3 " and some are stated to 

 have been imprisoned in the college. 341 



The refoundation of the college by Queen Elizabeth 

 gave the church a respectable body of Calvinistic 

 divines, 3 " but the wardenships of Dee and Murray 

 again proved disastrous. One of the fellows, how- 

 ever, William Bourne, acquired a dominating position 

 in the town ; 'This is Mr. Bourne's judgement,' was 

 sufficient for the people. 344 It is not surprising to 

 learn that two of the chaplains in 1591 administered 

 the sacrament without a surplice and that other irregu- 

 larities were allowed ; many of the people, it seems, 

 preferred the churchyard to the church at sermon- 

 time. 345 The growing influence of Puritanism is 

 seen in the stricter Sunday observance. 346 The new 

 foundation of Charles I had no perceptible effect in 

 neutralizing its prevalence. 347 



Under the Presbyterian discipline established in 

 1 646 Manchester became the head of a classis, which 

 included also the adjoining parishes of Ashton, Eccles, 

 Flixton, and Prestwich-with-Oldham. 848 Four years 

 later there seems to have been a regular staff of twelve 

 ministers in the parish, of whom three were at the 

 parish church and the others at the various chapels. 349 



Just before the Restoration Richard Heyrick, Henry 

 Newcome, and Joshua Stopford were in charge. 350 



After 1660 a tone a little more High Church gra- 

 dually prevailed, so that by the end of the i yth cen- 

 tury the clergy were strongly Jacobite, and remained 

 so until after 1745. Bishop Gastrell about 1717 

 found that the warden and four fellows supplied all 

 the turns of preaching, and the two chaplains read 

 prayers and did all the other duty of the whole 

 parish, receiving the surplice fees ; a ' cathedral ser- 

 vice ' was performed by the four singing men, four 

 choristers, and organist. 351 At this time and after- 

 wards the building of new churches and the growth 

 of Nonconformist congregations continually diminished 

 the importance of the collegiate clergy ; while the 

 great increase of their wealth rendered a change of its 

 distribution desirable, and this was effected in the 

 least injurious mode by several Acts of Parliament. 35 * 

 From 1854 the various district chapelries have be- 

 come independent parishes, the incumbents having 

 the title of rector. 



As might be expected from the importance of the 

 place there were a number of chantry endowments, 

 of which particulars are given in the record of their 

 confiscation in 1 547. The curates, i.e. the two 

 fellows or chaplains who served the parish, had in 

 addition to their college stipend the profits of the 

 ' Obit lands,' given at various times by a number of 

 benefactors, being in return bound to celebrate certain 

 obits yearly for the souls of the donors. The rents 

 amounted to lozs. n^. 353 



The chantry of St. James, founded by Ralph 



Bishop of Chester refused Hall's pension 

 in 1581 ; ActsofP.C. 1581-2, p. 266. 



A little later it was stated that the 

 clergy had been beaten and one of their 

 preachers attacked and wounded. 



The loss of the old hospitality was a 

 grievance with the tenants ; Newton 

 Chapelry (Chet. Soc.), ii, 51. 



840 Hollinworth, Mancuniensis, 75. 



841 Foxe, Acts and Monuments (ed. Catt- 

 ley), vii, 196, 204, 60, 66. 



848 Hollinworth, op. cit. 79 ; * their 

 names, as tradition saith, were Ridlestones, 

 Wharmbies, &c.' 



848 The Elizabethan fellows of 1578 

 were John Molins, D.D., Alexander 

 Nowell, D.D. both exiles for religion in 

 Mary's time ; the latter became Dean of 

 St. Paul's Thomas Williamson, and 

 Oliver Carter, B.D. ; the last-named had 

 been a fellow under Herle's wardenship 

 and is noticed in Diet. Nat. Biog. 



844 Hollinworth, op. cit. 105 ; see an 

 earlier note. 



345 W. F. Irvine in Lanes, and Ches. 

 Antiq. Soc. xiii, 64-9. It is stated that 

 the surplice was not used in the church 

 for upwards of forty years, i.e. from about 

 1590 onwards ; Funeral Certs. (Chet. Soc.), 

 77. At the Visitation of 1598 the 

 churchwardens were ordered to provide a 

 surplice and Book of Common Prayer ; 

 they had all eaten flesh in Lent and days 

 forbidden. In 1608 Bourne was pre- 

 sented for not wearing the surplice ; some 

 persons communicated standing. In 1622 

 Henry Holland of Denton was 'suspected 

 of Brownism.' Many persons refused to 

 stand at the Creed and bow at the name 

 of Jesus. Nevertheless the organ playing 

 is mentioned ; Visit. P. at Chester. 



846 Up to 1578 'Sundays ' and holidays 

 were the usual times for practising arch- 

 ery ; Manch. Ct. Lett Rec. i, 196. In 



1611 dealers in fruit, pedlars, and other 

 street traders were forbidden to sell on 

 'the Sabbath day' ; ibid, ii, 264. In 

 1634 four men were paid for 'watching 

 packs ' on Whitsunday, to see that none 

 should be brought into the town on that 

 Sabbath day ; Manch. Constables' Accts. ii, 

 7. Perhaps it was due to the same spirit 

 that players were ordered to leave ; ibid. 

 "t 33> 34 36- For the state of the 

 church see Cal. S.P. Dom. 1633-4, p. 



523- 



84 7 The careers of the new warden and 

 of William Bourne, one of the fellows, 

 have been described above. The other 

 fellows of 1635 were Samuel Boardman, 

 Richard Johnson, and Peter Shaw, first 

 elected in 1629, 1632, and 1633 respec- 

 tively. Of these Richard Johnson, though 

 a Calvinist in doctrine, was the nearest 

 approach to the ' moderate Churchman ' of 

 to-day, and suffered insults and imprison- 

 ment for his loyalty to the king during 

 the Civil War ; he lived to hold his fel- 

 lowship again ; Raines, Fellows, 1 14- 



15- 



Another noteworthy fellow chosen in 

 1643 was Richard Hollinworth, of Mag- 

 dalene College, Cambridge, author of the 

 Mancuniensis frequently quoted in these 

 notes ; ibid. pp. 138-71 ; Diet. Nat. Biog. 

 The Hollinworth family was of old 

 standing in the town. Robert Hollin- 

 worth held a burgage and a half in 1473 > 

 Mamecestre, iii, 491. In 1502 James, 

 son of Thomas, son of Thomas, son of 

 John Hollinworth, claimed two messuages 

 as heir of his grandfather ; Pal. of Lane. 

 Plea R. 92, m. 4 ; also Pal. of Lane. 

 Writs Proton. 10 Hen. VII. For the 

 parentage of Richard Hollinworth see Ct. 

 Lett Rec. iii, 188-9; and f r n ' 8 works, 

 C. W. Sutton in Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. 

 Soc. vi, 138. 



I 99 



848 The records of this classis have been 

 printed by the Chetham Society (new 

 ser. xx, xxii, xxiv) with notes by the 

 editor, Dr. W. A. Shaw. 



849 Commonwealth Ch. Surir. 513. 



850 Pal. Note Bk. i, 155, where there is 

 a notice of Stopford, as also in Diet. Nat. 

 Biog. 



Kl Notitia Cestr. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 57. 

 There were eight churchwardens and six- 

 teen sidesmen. The Traffbrds had by 

 prescription the right to nominate the 

 parish clerk ; this was recognized in the 

 Act of 1850. 



Bishop Nicolson in 1704 found that 

 the warden lived in town, but all the 

 fellows on their cures at some little dis- 

 tance. The fellows preached by turns, 

 forenoon and afternoon, on Sundays, and 

 the warden on some solemn days ; Lanes, 

 and Ches. Antiq. Soc. xxii, 187. 



8511 Of the later fellows of the college 

 mention must be made of Richard Par- 

 kinson, of St. John's College, Cam- 

 bridge ; M.A., 1824; 'D.D. 1851. He 

 was perpetual curate of Whitworth from 

 1830 to 1841 and elected fellow of Man- 

 chester in 1833, becoming a canon on 

 the change in 1847. He was one of 

 the founders of the Chetham Society, 

 and exercised great influence in Man- 

 chester and the district. He was in 

 1846 appointed principal of St. Bees Col- 

 lege, where he remained till his death in 

 1858 ; but his retention of the canonry 

 aroused much bitter feeling against him as 

 a non-resident pluralist, and led to the 

 passing of the Rectory Act of 1850, by 

 which the canons were attached to 

 churches in Manchester parish. See 

 Raines, Fellows, 361-82 ; Diet, Nat. Biog. 



858 Raines, Chant, i, 22-4 ; where par- 

 ticulars of the donors and their gifts are 

 recorded. 



