SALFORD HUNDRED 



MANCHESTER 



Church, is at the extreme west end of the township, 

 at Windsor. 



The Swedenborgians had a New Jerusalem church 

 in 1815 and later, but have removed to Wallness 

 Road. The Bible Christians, a branch of the same 

 denomination founded by the Rev. William Cowherd, 136 

 worshipped at Christ Church, King Street, from 1809; 

 this about 1869 they abandoned fora new building in 

 Cross Lane. A noteworthy member and minister was 

 Joseph Brotherton, a local cotton spinner, who was 

 the first member of Parliament for Salford, 1832 to 

 1857. A statue of him was erected in Peel Park in 

 1858. 



The principal Roman Catholic church is St. John's 

 Cathedral. The mission was not begun until 1 844 ; 

 the church, opened in 1848, was consecrated in 1890. 

 The other churches are St. Peter's, begun in 1863, 

 church built 1874 ; the Patronage of St. Joseph, 

 1871 ; Mount Carmel, 1880 ; and St. Anne's, 

 Adelphi. There is a convent and school of the 

 Faithful Companions of Jesus at Adelphi House. 



BROUGHTON 



Burton, 1177; Borton, 1257; Burghton, 1332, 

 1450; Bourghton, 1572; Broughton, Brughton, 

 xvi cent. 



Kereshale, Kershal, 1200; Kereshole, 1212. 



Tottelawe, Tettelagh, 1302 ; Tetlawe, 1368. 



In the west and south this township is bounded 

 mainly by the winding Irwell. The northern and 

 eastern portions are hilly, the ground sloping west to 

 the river, and also to the south. The old hamlet of 

 Broughton lay on the western side of the township, 

 close to a ford across the Irwell. The higher ground 

 in the north is known as Broughton Park and Higher 

 Broughton ; the more level tract to the south as 



Lower Broughton, while the north-western arm, in a 

 bend of the Irwell, is Kersal. 1 Almost the whole 

 township is covered with buildings, there being many 

 handsome residences in it. 1 The area is 1,426^ acres.* 

 The population numbered 49,048 in 1901. 



The principal road is that from Manchester to Bury, 

 joined by another road from Salford, crossing the 

 Irwell by Broughton Bridge. 4 From the Bury Road 

 others branch off to the west, crossing the Irwell into 

 Pendleton by Wallness* and Cromwell Bridges. 6 

 There is no railway in Broughton, but the district is 

 served by the Salford electric tramways. Albert Park, 

 close to Cromwell Bridge, was opened in 1877 there 

 are several recreation grounds. 



Some neolithic implements and other pre-Roman 

 remains, as also some Roman coins, have been found. 7 

 The Roman road from Manchester to Bury passed 

 through the township. 8 



Broughton was incorporated with Salford borough 

 in 1844 ; there are now three wards Grosvenor, 

 Albert Park, and Kersal. A branch library was 

 opened in 1890 and a reading-room 1905. 8a 



William Crabtree, the astronomer and friend of 

 Horrocks, lived in the township, at Broughton Spout 

 it is supposed. 9 There were ninety-five hearths paying 

 to the hearth tax in i666. 19 



The Manchester races were held on Kersal Moor 

 from 1730 till 1847, with a short interruption. 11 



A duel was fought on the moor in I8O4. 1 * Great 

 reviews were held there in 1831 and 1835, and 

 Chartist meetings in 1838 and i839. 13 



There were zoological gardens in Higher Broughton 

 from 1838 to 1 842." 



BROUGHTON was formerly ancient 



MANOR demesne of the honour of Lancaster, 15 



being a member of the royal manor of 



Salford, 18 but was about 1 190 granted by John, Count 



us He was born at Carnforth ; became 

 curate of St; John's, Manchester, where 

 he adopted the incumbent's Swedenbor- 

 gian views, but added doctrines of his 

 own, as in abstention from animal food ; 

 he died in 1816 ; W. Axon, Ann. 149. 



1 For Kersal generally see Mr. E. Axon 

 in Bygone Lanes. A hill in the centre 

 was known as Castle Hill or Cross Hill. 



a The following from the Manch. City 

 News of 20 Jan. 1906 gives a pleasant 

 picture of Broughton as the correspondent 

 saw it seventy years ago : 'At the Strange- 

 ways end of Broughton Lane were a few 

 residences, whilst in the near fields was a 

 nest of working men's lock-up gardens, 

 wherein many a rare pink and picotee, 

 and many a swelling stock of celery were 

 nourished with fond and jealous care. The 

 lane was knee-deep in sand, and the resort 

 of numerous red and brown butterflies, 

 till it joined the lower road from Brough- 

 ton Bridge near the suspension bridge. 

 So by a few cottages to the Griffin Inn, 

 the Cheetham Arms, and its opposite ford 

 a noted bathing-place for Manchester 

 youths. Round about this locality were 

 several farms, one especially (now covered 

 by Albert Park) lives in our remembrance 

 as the pasture to which was taken each 

 evening, more than a century ago, our an- 

 cestor's old mare, the first horse used in 

 Manchester in a gin to turn the mill 

 which perched or straightened the nap on 

 the back of fustian pieces. 



' Some little distance beyond the " Grif- 

 fin," in Lower Broughton Road, opposite 

 Castle Irwell, a clough dipped into the 



Stony Knolls, and down it came the rain 

 water and found its way to the Irwell 

 across the road. This watercourse gave the 

 clough the descriptive name of Broughton 

 Spout. From Broughton Bridge, right and 

 left of the new cut, Great Clowes Street, 

 were fields. In the centre of one stood a 

 mansion on an artificially raised mound. 

 Being thus the exceptional house above the 

 floods, it was called Noah's Ark, and was 

 the residence of James Whitlow, solici- 

 tor, of St. James's Square, Manchester.' 



8 1,418 acres, including 32 of inland 

 water ; Census Rep. 1901. 



4 Built in 1806-69. Springfield Lane 

 Bridge, to the east, was made in 1850-80. 



* Opened in 1880. There is a foot- 

 bridge to the south, from the end of 

 Hough Lane into Pendleton. The sus- 

 pension bridge, to the north, was opened 

 in 1826 ; it is close to the old Broughton 

 Ford, which was reopened in 1841. 



A bridge called Littleton Bridge has 

 recently been erected by the Clowes family 

 to develop the Kersal estate. 



6 Opened in 1882. 



7 Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. Soc. v, 296, 

 328, 330 ; x, 250, 251 ; xii, 118 ; ii, 146; 

 viii, 127. 



8 Watkin, Rom. Lanes. 52. 



a Information of Mr. B. H. Mullen. 

 > Pal. Note Bk. ii, 262. 



10 Subs. R. Lanes. 250/9. William 

 Allen's house had 12 hearths, Elizabeth 

 Lever's 9, and George Kenyon's 8. 



11 ' A strange, unheard of race ' for 

 women in 1681 is noticed by Oliver Hey- 

 wood as a sign of the times ; Diaries, ii, 284. 



217 



The earliest record of horse-racing at 

 Kersal is contained in the following 

 notice in the Land. Gax. of 2-5 May 

 1687 : 'OnCarsalt Moore near Manches- 

 ter in Lancashire on the 1 8th instant, a 

 20/. plate will be run for to carry ten 

 stone, and ride three heats, four miles 

 each heat. And the next day another 

 plate of 4o/. will be run for at the same 

 moore, riding the same heats and carrying 

 the same weight. The horses marks are 

 to be given in four days before to Mr. 

 William Swarbrick at the Kings Arms in 

 Manchester.' 



The races were interrupted from 1746 

 to 1759 owing to the opposition of Edward 

 Byrom ; note by Mr. E. Axon ; see fur- 

 ther in Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. Soc. xxv. 



18 W. Axon, Manch. Ann. 



18 Ibid. 



14 Manch. Guard. N. and Q. no. 235. 



16 Broughton in 1176-7 paid J mark to 

 the aid of the vills of the honour ; Farrer, 

 Lanes. Pipe R. 36. In 1200 it is found 

 among the other demesne manors paying 

 an increment of 6s. (ibid. 131), which 

 is given as 121. a year in later rolls ; ibid. 

 148, 163. It paid 2 marks to the tallage 

 in 1205-6 ; ibid. 202. 



16 In the 1 7th century Broughton was 

 still regarded as a member or hamlet of 

 Salford, and in 1640, on account of dis- 

 putes as to the apportionment of taxes laid 

 upon Salford and its members, it was 

 agreed that when the whole paid 201. 

 Broughton, Kersal, and Tetlow should 

 pay 51. 5</. as their share of the 20*. t 

 Salford Portmote Rec. ii, 63. 



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