A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 



Walkden is the church of St. Paul, opened in 1838, 

 and rebuilt in 1848 ; the Earl of Ellesmere is 

 patron. 149 St. John the Baptist's, Little Hulton, is 

 also within Walkden, at Hill Top ; it was built in 

 1874 ; the Bishop of Manchester is patron. 150 



There are Wesleyan chapels at Worsley, first built 

 in 1 80 1, and at Boothstown ; also at Swinton and 

 Walkden. The Primitive Methodists have two chapels 

 at Swinton and one at Walkden. At Swinton there 

 is also a Methodist Free Church. The Independent 

 Methodists have a chapel at Roe Green, 1 " and another 

 at Swinton. 



The Congregationalists have two churches at 

 Swinton ; also one at Sindsley Mount and another at 

 Walkden. 1 * 1 



At Swinton is a Unitarian Free Church. 163 



The Swedenborgians built a church at Worsley in 

 1849. 



At Swinton is the Roman Catholic church of 

 St. Mary of the Immaculate Conception, opened in 

 1859. 



PENDLETON 



Penelton, 1 1 99 ; Pennelton, 1212; Penilton, 

 1236 ; Penhulton, 1331 ; Penulton, 1356, con- 

 tracted into Pelton ; Pendleton, c. 1600. 



This township measures about z\ miles from the 

 Irwell on the east to Gilda Brook on the west ; the 

 area is 2,253^ acres. 1 From a ridge of higher land 

 which juts into the centre from the north-west the 

 ground slopes away to the north-east, east, and south. 

 The greatest height is 2 30 ft. above sea level. The 

 population in 1901 was 66,574. 



The great road from Manchester to Bolton, with 

 a branch to Wigan, crosses the township in a north- 

 west direction. From it several other roads branch 

 off; one goes west to Eccles, others north-east to 

 Broughton, and from these a road runs north-west 

 to Agecroft in Pendlebury. The Lancashire and 

 Yorkshire Company's railways from Manchester to 

 Bolton and to Hindley pass through, the former 

 having a station at Pendleton, and the latter at 

 Broad Street, Pendleton, and at Irlams-o'-th'-Height.* 

 The two lines effect a junction on the south-east 

 border of the township. The London and North- 

 Western Company's Manchester and Liverpool line 

 crosses the southern part of the township, and has 

 two stations Seedley andWeaste. The Manchester 

 and Bolton Canal goes along by the side of the former 

 railway. From Hope Hall to Pendleton a band of 



the Permian Rocks divides the New Red Sandstone 

 to the south from the Coal Measures on the north. 

 A fault almost on the line of the Manchester and 

 Bolton Canal has left the New Red Sandstone in 

 evidence on the eastern side. 



The supposed camp at Hyle Wood, in the northern 

 bend of the Irwell, has been found to be a natural 

 hill. The Roman road from Manchester to Wigan 

 passed through Weaste and Hope. There was 

 formerly a cross on Pendleton Green.* 



In 1 666 there were 138 hearths liable to the tax ; 

 the largest house was that of John Hollinpriest, with 

 nine, but there were several with five hearths each.* 



The Pendleton morris dancers occur in 1792.* 



In 1833 there were cotton mills, with dyeing, 

 printing, and bleaching establishments, also a flax mill 

 upon an improved principle ; others of the people 

 were employed in silk manufacture and others in the 

 neighbouring collieries. Most of these industries still 

 remain in the township. The Spence Alum Works 

 were removed to Newton Heath in 1857 in conse- 

 quence of a law suit. 



A large portion of the surface is covered with 

 dwelling-houses and factories. Pendleton being a 

 suburb of Salford, the whole township was taken into 

 the borough in 1852 ; a small part was added to 

 Eccles in 1891. The township is divided into six 

 wards St. Thomas's, St. Paul's, Charlestown, Hope, 

 Seedley, and Weaste. Charleston and Douglas Green 

 occupy the northern corner, Irlams-o'-th'-Height the 

 north-west ; Paddington lies on the eastern border, 

 Little Bolton to the south-west, Weaste in the south, 

 and Wallness on the north-east. Chaseley and Seedley 

 lie between Pendleton and Weaste ; and Hope Hall 

 and Buile Hill to the west. Brindle Heath, formerly 

 Brindlache, lies on the western edge of the urban part 

 of Pendleton proper. 



Pendleton Town Hall was built in 1868. A 

 Mechanics' Institution was founded in 1856. A 

 small library was established in 1829,* but does not 

 seem to have continued. A branch of the Salford 

 library was opened in 1878 at Pendleton, another 

 branch at Weaste in 1894, and a third at Irlams-o'- 

 th'-Height in 1 90 1 . A reading room was opened at 

 Charlestown in 1894.^ 



A park at Buile Hill has been acquired by the 

 corporation. 7 The mansion-house there was in 1906 

 converted into a natural history museum. The 

 David Lewis recreation-ground lies on the eastern 

 side of the township, bordering on the Irwell. The 

 new Manchester Race-course is a little distance to the 



149 An Anglican Sunday School was 

 opened as early as 1784, but after 

 thirty years fell into the hands of the 

 Wesleyans. St. Paul's Chapel was a fore- 

 taste of the great public benefactions of 

 the first Earl of Ellesmere. An Act was 

 passed in 1840 to enable the Bridgewater 

 Trustees to endow it, and it was conse- 

 crated in 184.1. There is a churchyard. 

 For district see Load. Ga. 28 July 1863, 

 and 20 Feb. 1877. 



180 For district, ibid. 20 Feb. 1877. 



lsl A manufacturer named Richard 

 Clarke turned part of his house into a 

 mall chapel ; when the Independent 

 Methodist chapel was built it absorbed the 

 congregation already formed there ; in- 

 formation of Mr. Holme. 



1M A Congregational chapel was built 

 in 1824 in Hilton Lane, Worsley, but it 



failed about 1 840. Preaching at Swinton 

 began about 1825, from Pendlebury, and 

 Trinity Church, built in 1882, represents 

 the old congregation of Pendlebury. The 

 church in Worsley Road began in 1861 

 through the efforts of some men of a local 

 mill; the building was raised in 1870; 

 Nightingale, Lanes. Nonconf. v, 20-4. 



188 Built 1825 (or 1829); rebuilt 

 1857. 



1 2,430, including 50 of inland water ; 

 Census Rep. 1901. In 1883 a part of 

 Pendlebury was brought within Pendle- 

 ton ; Loc. Govt. Bd. Order 14672. 



8 The village so named is partly in this 

 township and partly in Pendlebury. It 

 took its name from one Irlam, who kept 

 the Packhorse Inn there ; Manch. Guar- 

 dian N. andQ. no. 392 ; Pal. Note Bk. ii, 

 74- 



392 



8 Land, and Chet, Antiq. Soc. xxii, 104. 



4 Subs. R. Lanes, bdle. 250, no. 9. 



5 W. Axon, Manch. Annals, 119. 

 8 Lewis, <7<zz. (ed. 1833). 



'a Information of Mr. B. H. Mullen, 

 librarian. 



7 Bewle Hill is named in the Salf. 

 Portmote Rec (i, 13), in 1598. On 25 

 Dec. 1695 Alice widow of Leftwich 

 Oldfield leased to Edward Birch of Pen- 

 dleton, whitster, a close called the Bule- 

 hill containing 2 acres. Alice Oldfield 

 was daughter of Richard Haworth of 

 Manchester; Morley, Bolton Hist. Glean. 

 i, 347. On 4 Jan. 1717-18 Edward Byrom 

 of Manchester leased to William Gregory 

 of Pendleton, whitster, a field called the 

 Bulehill, late in the holding of Edward 

 Birch. Note by Mr. Crofton. 



