BOTANY 



Kantia arguta, Mart. 2 

 Cephalozia lunulaefolia, Dum. 2 



bicuspidata, L. 1-3 



Lammersiana, Huben. 2 



connivens, Dicks. 2 



Sphagni, Dicks. 2 



divaricata, Sm. 2, 3 



var. byssacea, Roth. 2 



stellulifera, Tayl. 2 

 Scapania resupinata, Dill. ; L. 2 



aequiloba, Schw. 2 



aspera, Mull. & Bern. 2 



nemorosa, L. 2, 3 



undulata, L. 2, 3 



irrigua, Nees. 2 



curta, Mart. 2 



umbrosa, Schrad. 2 

 Diplophyllum albicans, L. 1-3 

 Lophocolea bidentata, L. 1-3 



cuspidata, Limpr. 2 



heterophylla, Schrad. 1-3 

 Chiloscyphus polyanthos, L. 1-3 



b. rivularis, Nees. 2 

 Mylia Taylori, Hook. 2 



anomala, Hook. 

 Plagiochila asplenioides, L. 2, 3 



c. minor, Carr. 3 

 Jungermania cordifolia, Hook. 2 



pumila, With. 3 



riparia, Tayl. 3 



- inflata, Huds. 2, 3 



- turbinata, Raddi. 3 



- sphaerocarpa, Hook. 2 



exsecta, Schmid. 2 



Jungermania Flcerkii, Web. & Mohr. 2 



barbata, Schmid. 2 



Lyoni, Tayl. 2 



incisa, Schrad. 2 



capitata, Hook. 2 



bicrenata, Schmid. 2 



porphyroleuca, Nees. 2 



ventricosa, Dicks. 2, 3 



crenulata, Sm. 2 



- gracillima, Sm. 3 

 Eucalyx hyalina, Lyell. 2 

 Nardia scalaris, Schrad. 2, 3 



6. major, Carr. 2 

 Saccogyna viticulosa, Mich. 3 

 Fossombronia caespitiformis, De Not. 2 



pusilla, L. 2, 3 



- cristata, Lindb. 2 

 Blasia pusilla, L. 2, 3 

 Pcllia epiphylla, L. 2, 3 

 calycina, Tayl. 3 

 Aneura multifidia, L. 2 



sinuata, Dicks. 2, 3 



pinguis, L. 2, 3 

 Metzgeria pubescens, Schrank. 2 



furcata, L. 2, 3 

 Marchantia polymorpha, L. 2, 3, 

 Conocephalus conicus, L. 2, 3 

 Reboulia hemispherica, L. 2 

 Lunularia cruciata, L. 2, 3 

 Targionia hypophylla, L. 2 

 Riccia glauca, L. 2, 3 



glaucescens, Carr. 2 

 Anthoceros punctatus, L. z, 3 



THE LICHENS (Licbenes) 



The lichens are a large tribe of cryptogams intermediate between 

 the alga? and the fungi, approaching the alga? through the gelatinous 

 forms of the Collemacei and the fungi through the Ascomycetes, but they 

 differ from the fungi in not deriving nourishment from the matrix on 

 which they grow but from the atmosphere, in their slow growth, their 

 perennial existence, and in the presence in their structure of the green 

 algae-like bodies, the gonidia. The researches of Schwendener have 

 shown that the lichens are true fungi, parasitical on unicellular alga?, the 

 gonidia, which exist immediately beneath the cortical layer, being alga? 

 forms allied to Nostoc, Chroolepus or Palmella. The lichens are found 

 throughout the county in one or other form from the low-lying heath- 

 lands of the south to the highest points of the north, but are abundant in 

 the normal condition only where the atmospheric conditions are good 

 and wholesome. Over a large portion of the colliery districts and the 

 more smoky surroundings of the Potteries they do not fully develop, 

 but exist in an abnormal state, forming dust-like or filamentous patches, 

 usually greyish white or yellow, on walls, trees or rocks, and in this 

 state will exist for an indefinite time, increasing as do the alga? by 

 the division of their cells ; this condition was known to the older 

 botanists by the pseudo-generic names of Lepraria, Variolaria^ etc. But 

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