CRUSTACEANS 



Astacus communis. Crawfish. Abundant in clear streams. This will live long out of water, 

 but a short time if placed in water from a pond or well. 



Gammarus Pulex. Fresh-water shrimp. Common : this is by no means a test of the purity 

 of water, as has been said ; I find it in muddy brooks, as well as in fountains. 



Asellus vulgaris. Common with the preceding. 



Cyclops vulgaris. This and the following are very minute, and both may be seen in water 

 from most streams or ponds. 



Dapknia Pulex? 

 The following are terrestrial : 



Oniscus Asellus. Common ; congregated under stones, &c. 



PorcelRo scaber. Abundant in decayed wood ; Swinnerton Park. 



Armadillo vulgaris. Under stones, &c. Cheshire cavern.' 



By the designation Astacui communis the river crayfish is evidently intended. The intima- 

 tion that it will live longer out of water than in water from a pond or well is probably based on 

 the amphibious habits of this animal. Those who try to domesticate it, often no doubt with 

 the kindest intentions, plunge it into a bowl or other aquarium so plentifully supplied with 

 water that the creature is soon practically drowned. Since it is not adapted for climbing steep 

 and slippery walls of glass or earthenware, the depth of liquid in its prison should be only 

 between one and two inches, to give it the same chance which it has in its native haunts of 

 changing from aquatic to aerial surroundings. Other comments on Mr. Garner's records may 

 be reserved till after the introduction of a still later and fuller authority covering much the 

 same ground, but with additional knowledge and more regard for scientific classification. The 

 work in question is The Natural History of Tutbitry, by Sir Oswald Mosley, bart., D.C.L., 

 F.L.S., together with the Fauna and Flora of the district surrounding Tutbury and Burton-on- 

 Trent, by Edward Brown, with an appendix. This local fauna contains the following 

 notices : 



Sub-class Crustacea : 



Order Podophthalma. Tribe Decapoda Macroura. 



Family Astacidea. Astacus Jiuviatills (Fabr.). The Common Crayfish. This diminutive 

 freshwater lobster is found abundantly in the Dove, in which stream it is easily captured by 

 means of basket traps baited with bullock's liver. It is valued as an ornamental garnish for 

 dishes, as well as for its own edible properties. It is found occasionally in the Wimshill Brook, 

 a small stream that runs into the Trent, but I have never known it to be taken from that river 

 itself. 

 Order Edriophthalma. Tribe Amphipoda. 



Family Gammaridae. Gammarus pulex (Fabr.). The Freshwater Shrimp. Very 

 abundant in the Trent. It is an interesting species to keep in an aquarium, owing to its lively 

 and eccentric movements 

 Tribe Isopoda. 



Family Asellidae. Asellus vulgaris (Latr.). The Freshwater Asellus. Exceedingly 

 numerous in the Trent, where it abounds together with the last-mentioned species, more 

 especially in the beds of Anacharis alslnastrum. It is probably to be found in all the running 

 streams of the district. 10 Oniscus ascllus (Linn.). The Wood Louse. Very common under- 

 neath stones and rotten wood. A large light-coloured form, occurring underneath stones at 

 Dovedale, is probably a distinct species. 



Family Porcellionidae. Porcellio scaber (Latr.). The Scabrous Wood Louse ; Sclater or 

 Slater. Common in similar situations with the last. Armadillo vulgaris (Latr.). The Lesser 

 Pill Millepede. Common amongst moss and underneath stones. 

 Order Poecilopoda. 



Family Argulidae. Argulus foliaceus (Jurine). The Fish Louse. Found sometimes para- 

 sitic upon freshwater fishes in ponds. Daphnia pulex (Latr.). The Water Flea. Common 

 in stagnant and slowly-running water. Daphnia vetula (Straus). The Blunt-headed Water 

 Flea. Common in similar situations with the last. The bivalve shells of some species of 

 Daphnia occur in the peat bed at Burton-on-Trent. 



Family Lynceidae. Several undetermined species of the genera Euryanus and Chydorus 

 are common in stagnant water. 



Family Cypridae. Species of the genera Cyfrit and Candona are abundant in ditches. 

 The minute shell-cases of these little animals are very " indestructible in their nature. A 

 species of Cypris or Cythere occurs in a fossil state abundantly in the shales beneath the Wood- 

 field seam of coal at Newhall and Swadlincote. 



8 Op. cit. (1844), p. 329. ' Ibid. p. 330. 



" Ibid. (1863), p. 130. " Ibid. p. 131. 



127 



