A HISTORY OF SUSSEX 



A very large proportion of the roofs of churches have been renewed in 

 * restorations,' but a good number of mediaeval date remain. Thus, at 

 Hardham, Binsted (parts), Burpham, Clayton, Climping, Bury, Buxted, 

 Lurgashall, West Grinstead, Felpham, West Chiltington, Hamsey, Ifield, 

 Lyminster, Playden, Tortington, and Yapton are simple early roofs of the 

 eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, constructed of rafters, collars, 

 braces, and struts, with tie-beams. Somewhat more elaborate roofs of the 

 thirteenth century remain at Old Shoreham (chancel), with the dog-tooth 

 moulding on its tie-beams ; Ditchling (chancel), with richly moulded wall- 

 plates ; 10 Up Marden, with nail-head moulding on a plate ; and Linchmere 

 (restored), with a finely moulded tie-beam. The greater part of the roofs over 

 the vaulting at New Shoreham, Boxgrove, and Chichester Cathedral are of 

 this early period. As a rule they are of a very sharp pitch, with heavy 

 timbers. Of the fourteenth century there are good examples at Sutton (early, 

 with remains of coeval colour decoration, arched braces, and good mouldings), 

 Winchelsea, Arlington, Cuckfield, Friston (chancel), the Greyfriars' church, 

 Chichester ; and later in the century, Alfriston, Rotherfield, Chichester 

 Cathedral cloisters, the chapel of the commandery of the Knights Hospitallers, 

 Poling (the last three with arched braces), Thakeham, Pulborough, Trotton, 

 and Racton churches. Trotton roof has a very wide span, with graceful 

 arched principals, purlins, and wind-braces. The Fitzalan chancel, Arundel, 

 has an elaborate (restored) roof of oak groining with moulded ribs and very 

 beautiful bosses. The nave roof of the same church is a restoration upon 

 the ancient lines. The wall-plate in the chancel of Ford church has an early 

 fourteenth-century moulding. 



Examples of fifteenth-century roofs occur at Billingshurst and Eastdean 

 (with panelled ceilings), Ford (nave), Friston (nave a very fine, massive con- 

 struction), Crawley (nave with coeval inscription on one of the tie beams), 

 Penhurst, Waldron (aisle), Ringmer, Westham (nave), Horsham (resembling 

 the nearly contemporary roof at Cuckfield), Singleton, Sidlesham (nave and 

 aisles), and Lyminster chancel (with arched principals). Framfield (1500) 

 and Buxted have early sixteenth-century roofs. At South Harting is an 

 interesting and rare instance of a fine Elizabethan roof on a large scale over 

 the chancel dated 1577. The outlines are Gothic, but the detail is Renais- 

 sance in character. 



There are three mediaeval lych-gates, viz. that under a house dated 

 1520, at the side of the churchyard, Hartfield, and others at Pulborough and 

 Worth. The steps of a churchyard cross remain at Brighton. 



Sussex has an interesting series of early buttresses. The germ of these 

 is found in the pilaster strips of pre-Conquest date at Woolbeding, Worth, 

 and Sompting ; those on the angles of the tower at the latter being sloped off 

 at the top. Typical shallow twelfth-century buttresses remain at Alding- 

 bourne, Boxgrove, Buncton, Chichester Cathedral, Climping, Horsham, 

 Herstmonceux, Icklesham, St. Anne's Lewes, Newhaven, Rustington, New 

 Shoreham, Old Shoreham, and Southwick. Of late twelfth and early thir- 

 teenth century dates are a numerous group, comprising Aldingbourne, Apple- 

 dram, Bosham, Boxgrove (including flying buttresses), Chailey, Chichester 

 Cathedral (flying and other buttresses), Chidham, Clapham, De Calceto 



10 Before restoration this roof had a tie-beam with dog-tooth ornament. 



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