MILITARY ARCHITECTURE 



point out in the following list a few of the more remarkable architectural 

 features. 



PEVENSEY. Roman brickwork and masonry in the outer walls and bastions the bricks in 

 lacing courses in an exceptionally perfect state. Inner castle of twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth 

 centuries, with some fine ashlar facing to one of the towers. Plan of chapel traceable, with font 

 still in situ. 1 



HASTINGS. Square tower with window of eleventh or twelfth century. Pointed chancel arch 

 of chapel, with good mouldings and carving of late twelfth century. Recess under a circular arch. 

 Some early thirteenth-century windows and a door, and remarkable prison cells. 



LEWES. Inner gateway of Earl Warenne's original castle, with good plain circular arches. 

 The keep has some late thirteenth-century masonry, loop-holes and remains of hooded fireplaces. 

 The barbican (c. 1330) is a particularly fine piece of design. Note the facing of coursed flint- 

 work, the dressings of Eastbourne Rock and the machicolations. The archways, 'pommeV loop- 

 holes, and corbellings are very good. 



BRAMBER. Window in upper part of the barbican, early twelfth century. 



ARUNDEL. Clock tower, with good plain gateway, late eleventh century. Double-storied 

 circular keep, with good ashlar facing in Caen stone, several windows, a hooded fireplace, and 

 a fine doorway with ornamental mouldings (see illustration) ; double windows in curtain 

 wall, richly moulded, all c. 1120-40. Note long stone stair of approach to keep, and later 

 tower. The outer tower has a drawbridge and portcullis, flint and stone chequer-work and 

 shoulder-arched windows of early fourteenth-century date. Bevis's Tower and Hiorne's Tower 

 have later features. 



CHICHESTER. Mediaeval town walls. Early fourteenth-century gateway to bishop's palace 

 a well-proportioned design and one of late fifteenth-century date to cathedral close. The materials 

 of the demolished castle were re-used in the Greyfriars' church. 



AMBERLEY. Rebuilt and extended by Bishop Reade, 1379. Good curtain wall, towers, 

 buttresses, garderobes, and machicolated gateway, with a handsome pointed segmental arch. Later 

 house of Bishop Sherborn's within the castle, with a fine chimney stack. 



SCOTNEY. Circular tower, of ashlar work, rising from the moat, with a fine machicolated 

 parapet. 



BODIAM. Valuable as dating entirely from 1386, and as a very complete example of the type 

 of castle intermediate between those of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and the fortified manor 

 houses of Herstmonceux and Cowdray. The points specially noteworthy are its plan and the fine 

 entrance gateway, flanked by towers and grooved for three portcullises. The arrangements of the 

 hall, kitchen, buttery, chapel and other offices are very perfect. Among details, the machicolations, 

 battlementing, loopholes, and windows (some with mullions and transoms of very domestic character), 

 doors, fireplaces, and handsome octagonal stone chimneys are specially noteworthy. The garderobes 

 and spiral stairs are numerous. 



HERSTMONCEUX. A fine brick castle, built in 1440, on a large hollow square plan, with many 

 octagonal towers, two united to inclose the stately gateways. Note the machicolations, battlements, 

 heraldic panel, brick vaulting and pattern work, string-courses, windows, doors, fireplaces, chimneys, 

 and other details. Stone is very sparingly used. 8 



CAMBER. Built by Henry VIII, 1531, to defend the coast. An interesting reversion to the 

 purely military type (cf. Deal, Walmer, and Sandown castles). Note the remarkable plan, in which 

 defence with and against cannon has been provided for ; also the conspicuous string-course, 

 ornamented with shields and royal badges, round the circular keep, and the elliptical or four- 

 centred arches. 



COWDRAY belongs rather to domestic than military architecture. The moat, battlements, and 

 the gateway with cross-bow oylets illustrate its defensive side. 



Besides the castle gateways and those of Battle Abbey, Wilmington 

 Priory, Michelham Priory, Ewhurst (Shermanbury), and the gateways of 

 the cathedral precincts, Chichester, there are the three town gates of 

 Winchelsea, of fourteenth- and fifteenth-century dates, and the very fine 



1 See for documentary evidence of dates of the later work a valuable paper by Mr. L. F. Salzmann in 

 Sun. Arch. Coll. xlix. 



' See the paper on Herstmonceux and its lords, by the late Precentor Venables, Suss. Arch. Coll. iv, 

 125-202. 



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