THE APPLE * 11 



plow. (Figure 2.) This loosens the subsoil without 

 bringing it to the surface, so that the roots can pene- 

 trate more deeply and make a light soil more retentive 

 of moisture, and surface-drains a heavy soil, for a time 

 at least. If the land is not naturally in condition to 

 produce a vigorous growth of trees, and one season's 

 delay is possible before planting, it can be very cheaply 

 enriched with green manure crops, like soy beans, cow- 

 peas, oats and peas, and barley and peas, or even r3^e. 

 Something like the following routine is suggested. In 

 the early spring sow oats and peas and when in blossom 



Fig. 2— Sole or Trench Plow 



plow under. About the middle of August sow peas and 

 barley, which may be allowed to remain on the land 

 until the following spring, when it is plowed under 

 and the trees planted. Another plan would be to drill 

 in soy beans the last of May, to be plowed under about 

 the same time as the peas and oats, this to be followed 

 by peas and barley. This will give a larger amount 

 of green manure and probably enrich the land more 

 than the first. 



If preparation of the land begins early in the fall 

 and the trees are not to be planted for a year, rye 



