120 



SUCCESSFUL FRUIT CULTURE 



is very satisfactory if care is taken not to catch the cul- 

 tivator teeth into it when turning the ends of the rows. 

 On the north side of a vineyard, where a windbreak is 

 needed, a tree like the Norway spruce or European larch 

 can be planted at the end of each row and after a few 

 years the wire be fastened with a screw eye to the trunk 

 near the ground, and thus a brace and windbreak and 

 shelter be provided. The trellis need not be put up until 

 the beginning of the second yearns growth, where the 

 vines are strong, or the third year if they have made a 

 small growth. 



Fig. 66— Method of Bracing the End Posts 



TRAINING AND PRUNING 



Tlie First Year — It is the common practice the 

 first year to let the vines lie on the ground, giving 

 them no care further than to see that they are not 

 injured in cultivating, but this is not the best way, as 

 the leaves that lie on the ground are sure to be attacked 

 by mildew, while if trained to a small stake they would 

 be much less subject to this injury. 



The Second Year — At the end of the first year, 

 unless the vines have made four to six feet of growth, 

 and before the sap begins to run, the tops of the vines 



