86 THE COXXECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



leaves and fruits, and in so doing- they injured 28 per cent, of 

 the }oung fruits before they could obtain a sufficient amount 

 of poison to kill then. The plum curculio is shown in the 

 accompanying figure. 



Apple Tree Borers. The Flat-headed Borer {Chryso- 



hoihfis fcinoratc Fabr. ) axd the Rouxd-headed 



Borer (Sapcrda candido Fabr. J. 



In Connecticut a great deal of damage is done each year, 

 especially to young apple trees, by the borers which attack the 

 tree at the base of the trunk. There are two kinds of borers 

 responsible for this injury. One is called the round-headed 

 borer, and the other the flat-headed borer. Tiie round-headed 

 borer is probably more injurious than the flat-headed one. 

 The eggs are laid in slits cut in the bark near the base of the 

 trunk, and these soon hatch, and the larva begins to make a 

 burrow ni the bark. As it increases in size it works through 

 the bark and into the sap-wood, where it makes a broad, fiat 

 burrow, it working its way downward on the approach of 

 winter, coming back again in the spring, and sometimes going 

 several inches up the trunk. Three years are required for 

 the round-headed borer to complete its full development, and 

 the pupa stage is passed in the burrow. The adult is a long- 

 horned beetle, about tliree-quarters of an inch in length, 

 brown in color, with two white stripes extending longitudi- 

 nall} . When thic adult is ready to emerge it eats its way out 

 of the burrow, leaving a hole about one-quarter of an inch in 

 diameter. The flat-headed borer attacks the tree in a similar 

 manner, but its complete development requires only one year 

 instead of tliree years, and the adult belongs to a different 

 family of beetles, and does not have long horns or antennas 

 like the adult of the round-headed species. The larva also 

 dififers in that it has a broad, flat head, much broader than the 

 other portion of the body, while the round-headed species does 

 not have a head of this shape. The remedies for the apple 

 borer are to examine all trees in the early fall and again the 

 following spring, and wdierever we find the chips or sawdust 

 thrown out at the base of the tree we mav be sure that a borer 



