FOURTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING. 139 



iments we have diluted with cold water; others recommend 

 hot water, though we have not found it necessary. This wash 

 may also be prepared by steam boiling, a process with which 

 all are familiar, and it need to be described in this connection. 

 It is not claimed that this wash is superior to all others, but the 

 quantities given are easily remembered, its method of prepara- 

 tion as simple as that of any. and the results obtained there- 

 with exceeded by none. In fact, last year's results with almost 

 all lime-sulphur washes were so nearly uniform that it was 

 extremely difficult to draw adequate distinctions. 



Many are very adverse to boiling a larger or smaller 

 amount of liquid and put this forward as a reason why lime- 

 sulphur washes cannot be employed. This material is very 

 disagreeable to have around, and in many places no suitable 

 vessel is at hand for the requisite boiling, and as a consequence 

 several washes have been devised which require no boiling by 

 means of fire. These are popularly known as unboiled wash- 

 es, though in reality they are chemically boiled washes. The 

 oldest wash of this character was brought forward several 

 years ago by Professor Lowe, of our State Experiment Sta- 

 tion, and has been experimented with by him and also by his 

 successor. Professor Parrott. This w;ash, accepting as stand- 

 ard the quantities of lime and sulphur given above, calls for 

 from four to six pounds of caustic soda to 50 gals, of water. 

 The lime is slaked preferably zvith warm zvater, and while 

 the reaction is in progress the sulphur, which has previously 

 been made into a thin paste, is added and thoroughly mixed 

 with the slaking lime. The caustic soda is then put in and 

 water supplied as needed, the whole being stirred thoroughly. 

 After the mechanical action has ceased the mixture mav be 

 strained and diluted as stated above. Professors Newell and 

 Smith of Georgia state that they obtain a much more satis- 

 factory mixture if the sulphur is first made into a paste in an 

 iron vessel with a small amount of boiling hot water, and the 

 caustic soda then slowly added and the mixture kept well 

 stirred, boiling water being supplied from time to time to 

 keep it from getting too stifif. This, if followed out, will re- 

 sult in dissolving all the sulphur, and then the lime is added 

 and slaked as described above. Others have reported a simi- 



