144 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



larly in the Hudson river valley, where almost every pear tree 

 was more or less seriously affected and many badly damaged. 

 A number of pear trees in sections where the Psylla was 

 abundant, were sprayed the preceding spring with a lime-sul- 

 phur wash, and in no instance was there serious damage by 

 this pest, indicating that in all probability this application is 

 of considerable service in holding this species in check. 



The time of application of these washes is of considerable 

 importance, and we have, as a rule, advocated their use in 

 early spring, stating that the best period was just before the 

 buds began to swell. It is obviously impossible to spray all 

 trees at this ideal time, and owing to weather conditions there 

 are many who would like to make the applications in the fall. 

 The most exact data relative to effects of fall spraying with 

 lime-sulphur washes is given by Professor Parrott in Bulle- 

 tin 254, and I can do no better in this respect than quote his 

 general summary, 



"The results obtained in the different orchards by the fall 

 applications of the sulphur washes show considerable varia- 

 tion in the effects of the treatments upon leaf and fruit buds. 

 In Orchard I the spraying was accompanied by a reduction 

 in the amount of the bloom and foliage. There was an aver- 

 age loss of 94.3 per cent, of the blossoms and 67.8 per cent of 

 the leaves upon the peaches, and 83.5 per cent, of the blos- 

 soms and 57.8 per cent, of the leaves upon the plums sprayed 

 with these washes. The least destructiveness was shown by 

 the lime-sulphur wash, which caused a loss of 82.7 per cent, 

 of the blossoms and 27.1 per cent, of the leaves upon the 

 peaches, and 61.5 per cent, of the blossoms and 33.-1 per cent, 

 of the leaves upon the plums. With the dropping of the 

 blossoms there was a marked improvement in the condition 

 of the sprayed trees, which, with the exception of the smaller 

 yield of fruit, ultimately equalled the checks in appearance. 

 In Orchard II plum blossoms were reduced by 10 to 50 per 

 cent., with slight injuries to foliage. The Morello cherrks 

 lost 5 per cent, of their blossoms. Apples and pears were 

 similarly affected, and crabs sustained no apparent injuries. 

 Trees much infested with scale were either killed or severely 

 injured by the winter. In Orchard III the sprayed trees, 

 with the exception of those sustaining injuries by the scale 



