240 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



Fung-icides and insecticides are of little or no value for 

 other purposes, except sulphur or some of its compounds, as 

 sulphide of potassium. The lime, sulphur, salt spray does 

 act both as an insecticide and fungicide. 



Fumigation is another method of killing insects, and to 

 be of any value the work must be done thoroughly. 



S. B. Hollister. 



How Domestic Varieties Originate. 



It is popularly supposed by many people that the origina- 

 tion of new varieties is an easy matter. They suppose that 

 it is a mere matter of getting the right seed, or of proper 

 hybridization, but if they could know the weeks and years 

 taken to originate some new variety, they would wonder how 

 man possessed enough patience and courage to work it all 

 out. The real origination depends upon chance, which is 

 nature's way, and selection, which is man's. We will pro- 

 ceed to discuss them both. 



1st. Those zvhich are the result of chance or freaks. 

 This is the source of most of the ordinary fruits, and up to 

 the present time probably accounts for the origin of more 

 varieties than the one of which I shall speak later. The orig- 

 inal plant in this case is either a seedling or a bud sport. 

 There is of course no certainty of the production of these 

 original plants, and even when propagated by the gardener 

 may not have the qualities requisite to that particular kind 

 of fruit. For instance, if a peach grower should find a seed- 

 ling bearing exceptionally good fruit, which stood shipping 

 well, etc., he might possibly desire more trees of that nature 

 and would go to work grafting or budding in order to obtain 

 more, a very easy operation. Many new varieties are pro- 

 duced every year, some of which become valuable, but the 

 greater part are found wanting and are soon discarded. 

 Seedlings from the seed of one tree vary much even the first 

 season, and from these seedlings many desirable varieties 

 may be perfected by grafting or budding. The Elberta and 

 "Belle of Georgia" peach were orig-inally from seeds of the 



