ADDITIONAL PAPERS. 



247 



joined, are splice, tongue or whip, veneer, cleft, crown, and 

 saddle grafting. Of these methods a little description may 

 be in order. 



The splice graft is made by simply cutting the stock and 

 scion slantingly and tying the two, covering the joint with 

 wax. The veneer graft is used on pithy wood which can not 

 be cut into. A slight layer is cut from one side of both stock 

 and scion. The growing parts of each are then placed in 

 contact and the whole tied with waxed string and paper. 



The cleft is used almost wholly in top grafting. That 

 is, when it is desired to graft young wood of one variety on 

 to the top of an old tree. In this work the stock is usually 

 two inches in diameter, while the scions, of w^hich two are 

 commonly used, are less than one-hali inch in diameter. The 

 stock is split with the grafting chisel and the scions cut wedge- 

 shape and put one each side of the cleft with their cambium 

 or growing layers in contact with that of the stock. The 

 whole joint is then very carefully waxed over to keep out 

 moisture. 



Crown grafting is often used for the same purpose as the 

 cleft, especially when it is not desired to split the stock. The 

 scions are cut w^ith a shoulder having a very thin piece of 

 wood below it. The bark of the stock is then split down a 

 short distance and the scion set under the bark, so that it 

 bears against the growing layer of the stock. 



The Saddle graft is sometimes used when the scion is of 

 larger size than the stock. The scion is cut with a V-shaped 

 base to set on the top of the stock, which is made wedge- 

 shaped to receive it. The joint is tied and waxed like the 

 other methods. 



The graft which is used almost wholly by nurserymen in 

 propagating apple and some other fruit trees, is what is known 

 as the whip or tongue graft. By this method the scions of 

 the variety it is desired to propagate are gratfed to pieces of 

 one year old roots of seedling trees. 



The operation, which I will now demonstrate, is as fol- 

 lows : The scions are cut four inches long, with the lower end 

 slanting and having a cut downward from the slant parallel 

 with the bark. The roots are cut in like manner, but only 



