Tenth Annual Meeting 15 



pillars may be crushed inside their nests, but this, as well as the 

 other leaf-eating insects just mentioned, can be destroyed by 

 spraying the vines with Paris green. 



SCALE INSECTS 



The San Jose scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst., must still 

 be regarded as a first-class pest, and several newly infested local- 

 ities have been discovered during the past year. Your com- 

 mittee has received this insect from ten different places. In 

 spite of the fact that much published matter about this insect 

 has been circulated and that much has been said about it in 

 these meetings, several of our leading fruit-growers are only just 

 awakening to the fact that it is breeding rapidly in their own 

 orchards, and they are beginning to realize that it is a most un- 

 desirable inhabitant. This insect must be recognized as a per- 

 manent factor in fruit-growing, and every orchardist should be 

 prepared to give his trees an annual treatment to destroy it. A 

 spray of kerosene and water, containing 20 to 25 per cent of 

 kerosene, applied in late winter or early spring before the buds 

 open, with a pump made especially for the purpose, seems to be 

 about the best treatment that can now be recommended. A 

 10 per cent mi.xture can be applied to hold the scale in check 

 should it be discovered during the summer when the trees are 

 in foliage. 



Putnam's scale, Aspidiotus ancy/us, Putn., was received from 

 two localities during the year. 



The scurfy bark-louse, Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch, has been 

 received nine times, and the oyster-shell bark-louse, Mytilaspis 

 pomoriim, Bouche, once during the season. Both of these scales 

 pass the winter in the egg stage, so that it is useless to attempt 

 to destroy them by any ordinary spray applied during the winter. 

 The eggs hatch during the latter part of May, and an applica- 

 tion of soap and water the first week in June will destroy the 

 young scales. The writer used a 10 per cent mixture of kero- 

 sene and water successfully against the oyster-shell bark-louse 

 as late as June 23 on a tree of Kilmarnock willow which was 

 badly infested: the insects were killed and the foliage uninjured. 



