Tenth Annual Meeting 99 



to pay the costs in that case. The costs would be collected 

 exactly the same as you would collect taxes. We would say 

 to Mr. Hale, 'You pay this bill.' He would have to pay it. 

 That is all there is to it. In only one case have we been 

 obliged to enforce that requirement by the state. I am glad 

 to say that, as the result of that legislation, where two years 

 ago we had the scale existing in, you might say, 40 per cent 

 of certain orchards in a given region or section, that has been 

 reduced to a minimum of less than 2 per cent. That result 

 has not been due wholly to the effective work of the officers 

 in charge, but to the complete cooperation on the part of 

 the individuals and growers in whose interests this law was 

 enacted. There is a strong public sentiment in favor of it, 

 but at the same time there is this regulation back of this 

 sentiment to protect one man from the indiflference of his neigh- 

 bor. The nurserymen are fumigating their stock under 

 specific regulations in the same manner, and we are having no 

 difficulty whatever." 



The President: "What is the cost of it to the state?" 



Professor Johnson: "At the present time the state of 

 Maryland is making an annual appropriation of $8,000 to carry 

 on this work." 



Question: "Do you find there that one spraying is suffi- 

 cient to exterminate the scale?" 



Professor Johnson: "No, sir; not as a rule. That is a 

 point about which I neglected to speak. The scale once 

 established in an old orchard is there to stay, so you will be 

 obliged to spray once a year. In cases where the orchard is 

 not badly infested the spraying can be done in sections: that is, 

 spraying different portions of the orchard alternate years. That 

 is the principle on which it is carried on in California in the big 

 orchard districts. I have never known of a case of complete 

 extermination." 



Question: "Professor, if we are going to spray with crude 

 oil what specific gravity should we buy, or is there any particular 

 kind of oil we should call for? I believe there are a good 

 many taken in by this so-called crude oil. Now is there any 

 way of getting at it so as to be sure to get the proper kind, 

 so it will not do any damage?" 



