284 



NA 1 VRE 



[January i8, 1894 



before fatigue occurred, but caused an increase of 6i to 76 per 

 cent, in the muscular work done. 



In the next place, the effect of sugar added to the meals was 

 investigated. 



The muscle energy producing effect of sugar was found to be 

 so great that 200 grammes added to a small meal increased the 

 total amount of work done from 6 to 39 per cent. 



Sugar (250 grammes) was now added to a large mixed meal, 

 when it w as found not only to increase the amount of work done 

 from 8 to 16 per cent, but increase the resistance against 

 fatigue. 



As a concluding experiment, 25ogrammes of sugar was added 

 to the meals of a full diet day ; causing the work done during the 

 period of eight hours to be increased 22 to 36 per cent. 



Mathematical Society, January 11. — Mr. A. B. Kempe, 

 F.R. S., President, in the chair.— The President communicated 

 to the members present the intelligence which had just reached 

 him of the death of Dr. H. R. Hertz, an honorary member of 

 the society. The following communications were made : — ^" The 

 Types of Wave-motion in Canals," by Mr. II. M. Macdonald ; 

 " On Green's Function for a System of Non-intersecting 

 Spheres," by Prof. W. Burnside, F.R. S. 



Paris. 



Academy of Sciences. January 8. — M. de Lacaze- 

 Duihiers in the chair. — Studies on the formation of carbon 

 dioxide and the ab orption of oxygen by the detached leaves of 

 plants, by MM. Berthelot and G. Andre. The authors 

 have studied, under the most varied conditions, wheat, Scduvi 

 vtaxinnim, and Coryhis avdlana. Carbon dioxide is evolved 

 from leaves in the absence of oxygen, but much more in the 

 presence of oxygen and moisture. More oxygen is absorbed 

 than is required for the production of the excess of carbon 

 dioxide produced in an oxidising atmosphere. These reac- 

 tions only occur in the presence of water. — Remarks on a 

 note by M. Dunt-r, entitled " Is there Oxygen in the Atmo- 

 sphere of the Sun?" by M.J. Janssen. The author considers M. 

 Duner's method unable to decide this question, and quotes ex- 

 perimental evidence to show that the effects considered are 

 terrestrial. — Conclusions relative to the'manipulation of the soil 

 of oyster parks, and as to the causes of oysters becoming green, 

 by MM. Ad. Chatin and A. Muntz. — On the approximate ex- 

 pressions for the higher terms in the development of the 

 perturbation function, by M. N. Coculesco. — On the influence 

 exercised by solar spots on the quantity of heat received by the 

 earth, by ^I. R. Save'lief. The author discusses the relation- 

 ship of the activity of the solar surface and the calorific intensity 

 of the solar radiation at the limits of the atmosphere, and draws 

 the conclusion that with increase of solar activity, as evidenced 

 by increase in the number of sunspots, there is increase of cal- 

 orific intensity. — Thermodynamics of gases. Comparative 

 values of the approximations of Joule's law and of Marriotte's 

 and Gay-Lussac's laws, by M. Jules Andrade. Joule's law and 

 Marriotte's and Gay-Lussac's laws are obeyed by gases within 

 limits of the same order of magnitude. — The law of the magnet- 

 isation of soft iron, by M. P. joubin. The author compares the 

 formulae representing the intensity of magnetisation of soft iron, 

 in termsof the strength of field and the susceptibility of the mate- 

 rial, with Van der Waal's formula for fluids, and concludes that 

 the phenomena of the magnetisation of iron are analogous to the 

 phenomena presented by a saturated fluid, and might be calcu- 

 lated by similar formuku:. Feebly magnetised bodies obey laws 

 analogous to those of fluids far from their points of saturation. — 

 On the absolute value of the magnetic elements on January i, 

 1894, by M. Th. Moureaux. The values are given for Pare 

 Saint-Maux and Perpignan. — On the composition of aqueous 

 solutions, according to their indices of refraction, by M. Paul 

 Bary. From the examination of a series of dilute solutions of 

 metallic salts the result is deduced "that, if the theory ofM. 

 Arrhenius is admitted, the dissociated salts behave with regard 

 to refraction as if the dissociation does not exist." — Researches on 

 the chemical action of ahrastol (calcium naphthylsulphonate) 

 on wine, by M. Scheurer-Kestner. — On the presence of poison 

 glands in adders, and on the poisonous properties of the blood 

 of these animals, by MM. C. Phisalix and G. Bertrand. The 

 poisonous principles of adder's blood proceed from the internal 

 secretion of the superior labial glands, and the similarity of 

 these principles to echidnine explains the immunity of the adder 

 for viper poison. — Nitrates in living plants, by M. Demoussy. 



NO. 1264, VOL. 49] 



— On the influence of light and altitude on the striation of the 

 valves of diatomacse, by Frere J. Heribaud. — The insertion of 

 the spores and the direction of the partitions in protobasidia, 

 by M. Paul Vuillemin. 



BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, and SERIALS RECEIVED. 



Books. — Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report, Vol. v. 2 Parts 

 and Maps (Ottawa) — Human Physiology: J. Thornton (Longmans). — The 

 Element.s of Co-ordinate Geometry: W. Briggs and J. K. Bryan, Part i, 

 2nd Edition (Clive). — Illustrated Guide to British Mosses : H. G. Jameson 

 (Eastbourne, the Author). — \ Te>ct-book of Solid or Descriptive Geometry ; 

 A B. Djbbie(Blackie).— A Pocket-Book of Marine Engineering, Ru'es and 

 Tables : A E. Seaton and H. M. Rounthvvaite (Griffi.i).— Do y )U Know it ? 

 &c. C. E. Clark (Saxon). — .\nniiairp de I'Academie Royale des Sciences, 

 &c , de Belgique, 1894 (Bruxelles). — Forschungsberichte aus der Biologischen 

 Station zu Piiin ; Theil 2 : Dr. O. Zacharias (Berlin, Friedliinder) —Elements 

 of Synthetic Solid Geometry: Prof. N. F. Dupuis (Macmillan). — Electric 

 Waves : Dr. H. Hertz, translated by D. E. Jones ! Macmillan). — Discovery of 

 Lakes Rudolf and Stefanie, 2 Vols. : Lieut. L. von Hohnel, translated 

 (Longmans). 



Pamthlets.— Guide to the Examinations in Agriculture, and Answers to 

 Questions, Advanced Series (Blackie) — Ditto, Physiology, ElementaryJSeries 

 (Blackie).— Ditto, Elementary Metallurgy, ditto(Blackie). — Ditto, Elemen- 

 tary Principles of Mining, ditto(Blackie). — Ditto, Chemistry, ditto (Blackie) 

 — Test Papers in Mathematics: R. Roberts (Blackie). — Twenty-third Report 

 of the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain (Greenwich, Richardson). — Re- 

 port on the Destruction of Beer-casks in India by the Attacks of a Boring 

 Beetle : W. F. H. Elandford (Eyre and Spottiswoode). — The Palm Weevil in 

 British Honduras : W. F. H.Blandford (Eyre and Spottiswoode). — Annales de 

 rObservato're Magnetique de Copenhague 18)2 : A. Paulsen (Cop^nhagiie). 

 Entwurfeiner Neuen Integralrechnung auf Grund der Poteniial-Logarith- 

 mal-und Numeralrechnung. Zweites Heft : Dr. J. Bergbohm (Leipzig, 

 leubner). 



Sekials. — Actes de la Sociiit^ Scientifique du Chili, Tome 3, i and 2 

 Livr. (Santiago).— Engineering Magazine, Souvenir No. (New York). — 

 Journal of Anatomy and Physiology. January (Grififin). — American Meteoro- 

 logical Journal, January (Ginn). — Himmel und Erde, January (Berlin). — 

 Xenia Orchidacea, Dritter Band, Sechstcs and Siebentes, Heft (Leipzig, 

 Brockhaus). — Mind, January (Williams and Norgate).— Bulletin Astrono- 

 mique, December (Paris). 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



Heinrich Hertz. By D. E. J 265 



Prof. Dr. Rudolf Wo'f. By W. J. L 266 



Cloud Photography. {Illustrated.) 267 



Letters to the Editor : — 



The Directorship of the British Institute of Preventive 



Medicine. — Prof. Charles S. Roy, F.R. S. . . 239 

 Electromotive Force from the Light of the Stars. — 



Prof. George M. Minchin 259 



The Thyroid Gland. By R. M 270 



Notes ■ 270 



Our Astronomical Column . — 



Sunspots and Solar Radiation 274 



The Measurement of Stellar Diameters 275 



The MoDn and Weather 275 



Geographical Notes 275 



A New Sulphide of Carbon. By A, E. Tutton . . 275 



Dr. Gregory's Journey to Mt. Kenia 276 



The Geology of Australia. By Prof. Ralph Tate . 277 

 A Dynamical Theory of the Electric and Lumini- 

 ferous Medium. II. By Dr. Joseph Larmor, 



F.R.S 280 



University and Educational Intelligence 283 



Scientific Serials 283 



Societies and Academies 283 



Books, Pamphlets, and Serials Received 284 



Supplement. 



The Story of our Planet iii 



Cayley's Papers. By Major P. A. MacMahon, R. A., 



F.R.S iv 



The Pamirs. {Illustrated.) vi 



The Genus Madrepora. By Prof. Alfred C. Haddon ix 



Physiological Chemistry. By Dr. J. S. Edkins . . x 



An Essay on Newton's "Principia" "ii 



Wells on Engineering Design, By N. J. Lockyer xiii 



The Egyptian Collections at Cambridge xiii 



Horns and Hoofs '''^ 



