196 HISTORY OF THE 



farther forward on the upper jaw than on the lower, although those of chin reach 

 nearly to the end of nostrils. Tarsus one and one-half times middle toe and 

 claw, the bare part of the tibia not quite equal to the middle toe above; outer 

 toe united at base as far as first joint; web of inner toe very basal. Tail long, 

 graduated, more than half the wings." 



Bartramia longicauda (BECHST.). 



BARTRAMIAN SANDPIPER. 

 PLATE XI. 



Summer resident; abundant. Arrive the last of March to 

 middle of April; begin laying early in May; a few remain until 

 the last of September. 



B. 545. E. 555. C. 640. G. 258, 91. U. 261. 



HABITAT. Eastern and central North America, west to Utah 

 and Oregon, north to northern Alaska and northern provinces 

 of Quebec; south in winter to Brazil and Peru; breeds from 

 Pennsylvania, southern Kansas and Utah northward throughout 

 its range; occasionally wanders to Europe; accidental in Aus- 

 tralia. 



SP. CHAK. "Bill about as long as the head, rather wide and flattened at base, 

 slightly curved at the tip; nostrils with a large membrane; nasal groove long; 

 wing long; tail long for this group; legs moderate or rather long; lower half of 

 the tibia naked; toes moderate, the outer and middle united by a membrane, 

 inner and middle free to the base; hind toe small. Adult: Above, grayish 

 brown, the feathers paler and more ochraceous toward their edges, spotted and 

 barred with black; head and neck (except throat) streaked with blackish; crown 

 blackish, divided with a mesial line of buff; throat, belly and crissum plain 

 buffy white; axillars pure white and clear dusky slate, in regular bars of nearly 

 equal width; tail feathers (except middle pair) creamy buff, broadly tipped with 

 white, crossed by a broad subtermiual black spot, and with a few irregular 

 narrow bars anterior to this; outer webs of primaries plain dusky slate, the 

 inner webs with wide transverse bars of white on the outer quill, on the others 

 broken into a confused mottling. Rump and upper tail coverts nearly uniform 

 blackish, the outer feathers of the latter with their exterior webs partly white. 

 Young: Similar to the adult, but the buff on the head, jugulum, wings, etc., 

 much deeper, the streaks on the foreneck and jugulum much less distinct, and 

 the back plain black, the feathers bordered with buff. Bill yellowish green, 

 the tip dusky, the edges toward the base yellow; iris dark hazel; legs and tarsi 

 light yellowish gray, toes rather darker, claws brownish black. Downy young: 

 Above, coarsely and irregularly mottled with black on a grayish white ground, 

 tinged with light rusty; lower parts buffy white, with about three blackish 

 spots on the flanks, one beneath the eye, a smaller one on the lores, about half 

 way between the bill and the eye, and a large, nearly vertical, one behind the 

 ears." 



