BIRDS OF KANSAS. 423 



1881, at Manhattan, Dr. C. P. Blachly shot one of the birds out 

 of a small flock. 



B. 320. R. 179. C. 207. G. 88, 207. TJ. 528. 



HABITAT. Northern portion of the northern hemisphere (not 

 observed in Greenland); in North America, south in winter 

 through the northern to middle United States, and Colorado; 

 casually to Washington, Kentucky, middle Missouri, and on the 

 Pacific side to southeastern Oregon. 



Spring and Winter Plumage. 



SP. CHAR. "Adult: Ground color of the occiput, nape, scapulars and inter- 

 scapulars brownish white, each feather with medial streak of dusky brown; 

 rump and upper tail coverts white, with the streaks in sharp contrast; wings 

 clear brownish dusky with two conspicuous white bands, formed by tips of mid- 

 dle and secondary coverts; tertials -broadly and secondaries narrowly edged 

 with white; tail feathers narrowly edged with white, this broader on inner webs. 

 A narrow frontal baud (tinged with brownish), an obscure superciliary stripe, 

 and the lower parts in general, white; sides streaked with dusky, and lower 

 tail coverts each with a medial streak of the same. On the forehead and vertex 

 a somewhat quadrate patch of intense carmine. Nasal plumuli, lores, and a 

 small (somewhat quadrate) gular spot, dark silky brown. Male: Throat, jugu- 

 lum and breast rosaceous carmine (extending upward over the maxilla, and 

 backward over the sides almost to the flanks); rump tinged with the same. 

 Female: No red except on the crown, where its tint is less intense; dusky gular 

 spot larger, extending farther on the throat." 



Summer or Breeding Plumage. 



"The pattern the same as above, but the dark tint intensified and spread so 

 as to almost entirely obliterate any lighter markings, except the streaks on the 

 rump; the wing bands as well as the dorsal streaks obsolete; streaks on the 

 sides broader; frontal band dusky, like the occiput; red tints slightly intensified; 

 bill wholly dusky. Male: Throat, jugulum, breast and tinge on sides and rump 

 rosy carmine. Female: No red except on crown. Young, first plumage: 

 Streaks covering whole head, neck and breast; no red." 



Stretch of 

 Length. ruing. Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Bill. 



Male 5.40 8.75 2.85 2.35 .55 .35 



Female... 5.00 8.55 2.75- 2.30 .55 .33 



Iris dark brown; bill straw yellow, with line of blackish along 

 ridge and down the center of under to forks; legs, feet and 

 claws dark brown to blackish. 



The home of these hardy, social little birds is within the cold, 

 icy regions of the north, and it is only in the winter months 

 that we are favored with their visits, which are very irregular, 



