560 HISTORY OF THE 



HABITAT. Eastern and northern North America; north to 

 the Arctic coast, accidentally to Greenland; west to the Rocky 

 Mountains, and throughout Alaska, north to the peninsula; 

 breeding from northern New England northward throughout 

 their entire range; south in winter to the Bahamas, Cuba and 

 northern South America. 



I have never met with the birds in Mexico or Central Amer- 

 ica (where I have found most all the other Warblers that I have 

 described), neither can I find any mention of their occurrence, 

 but I feel confident that they do winter in Central America 

 and in eastern Mexico. 



SP. CHAB. ''Male: Crown, nape, and upper half of the head, black; the 

 lower half, including the ear coverts, white, the separating line passing through 

 the middle of the eye. Rest of upper parts grayish ash, tinged with brown and 

 conspicuously streaked with black. Wing and tail feathers brown, edged exter- 

 nally (except the inner tail feathers) with dull olive green. Two conspicuous 

 bars of white on the wing coverts, the tertials edged with the same. Under 

 parts white, with a narrow line on each side of the throat from the chin to the 

 sides of the neck, where it runs into a close patch of black streaks, continued 

 along the breast and sides to the root of the tail. Outer two tail feathers with 

 an oblique patch on the inner web near the end; the others edged internally 

 with white. Female: Similar, except that the upper parts are olivaceous, and, 

 even on the crown, streaked with black; the white on the sides and across the 

 breast tinged with yellowish; a ring of the same round the eye, cut by a dusky 

 line through it. The autumnal dress of young birds is very different from that 

 of spring. The upper parts are light olive green, obsoletely streaked with 

 brown; beneath, greenish yellow, obsoletely streaked on the breast and sides; 

 the under tail coverts pure white; a yellowish ring round the eye, and a super- 

 ciliary one of the same color. In this dress it is scarcely possible to distinguish 

 it from the immature D. castanea. The young bird in its first dress is also quite 

 different, again, from the autumnal plumaged birds. The upper parts are hoary 

 grayish, the lower white; each feather of the whole body, except lower tail cov- 

 erts, with a terminal bar or transverse spot of blackish, those on the upper parts 

 approaching the base of tbe feathers along the shaft. Wings and tail much as 

 in the autumnal plumage." 



Stretch of 

 Length. wing. Wing, Tail. Tarsus. Bill. 



Male 5.40 8.75 2.80 2.05 .74 .45 



Female... 5.20 8.50 2.70 2.00 .73 .45 



Iris brown; bill upper and end of lower black, rest pale blue; 

 legs and claws light brown; feet yellowish brown. 



These familiar birds are quite common and are pretty gener- 

 ally diffused throughout their range. They are among the last 



