652 HISTORY OF THE 



April; begin to return in September; remain into November, 

 and may occasionally winter in southeastern part of the State. 



B. 149. R. 5i. C. 10. G. 5, 331. U. 7596. 



HABITAT. Eastern North America; west casually to the Great 

 Plains (replaced westward by the Rocky Mountain variety, T. 

 aonalasctikce audubonii, which I feel confident will be found in 

 the early spring and fall in western Kansas and western Ne- 

 braska); breeds from the northern United States northward, 

 and winters in the Southern States. 



SP. CHAR. Second primary shorter than fifth. Tail much more reddish than 

 back. Adult, in spring and early summer: Above, uniform olive brown, chang- 

 ing to dull cinnamon rufous on the tail, the upper tail coverts of an intermediate 

 tint; outer portion of the wings more rusty than back, but much less rufous than 

 the tail. A very distinct orbital ring of pale buff; auriculars and suborbital re- 

 gion dull grayish brown, indistinctly streaked with paler. Lower parts dull 

 white, purer on the abdomen, the jugulum usually faintly tinged with buff; jugu- 

 lum marked with large deltoid spots of dark brown to blackish, the more poste- 

 rior of these spots broader and less pointed, the anterior ones more cuneate; sides 

 of the neck with cuneate streaks of dark brown or blackish, narrower and more 

 linear anteriorly, where they form a well-defined stripe or "bridle" along each 

 side of the throat; malar region dull white, indistinctly speckled or streaked 

 with brown; breast with distinct roundish or somewhat sagittate spots of deep 

 grayish brown; sides and flanks light grayish olive brown; axillars and lining 

 of wing pale dull ochraceous; tibia olive brown. Adult, in fall and winter: 

 Similar, but above much browner (almost umber on the back), the tail deeper 

 rufous, the jugulum more distinctly tinged with buff, and the sides browner olive. 

 (Ridgway.) 



Stretch, of 

 Length. wing. Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Bill. 



Male 7.20 11.50 3.70 3.00 1.20 .55 



Female... 6.80 11.00 3.50 2.75 1.18 .52 



Iris dark brown; bill upper and ends of lower dusky; rest 

 straw color; legs, feet and claws light brownish flesh color. 



These birds frequent the moist woodlands, timbered streams 

 and swampy growths, where I have often met with them in 

 their winter quarters and summer homes. They are not natu- 

 rally timid or suspicious birds, and in fall and winter they have 

 come about my camp and scratched among the leaves for food, 

 regardless of my presence; but during the breeding season they 

 are wary, and keep well hidden in the gloomy forests of spruce, 

 fir and hemlock, making their presence known, however, by 

 their loud "Chuck," note, and the woods ring with their clear, 



