26 FRUIT TREES AND THEIR ENEMIES 



in any material damage to the leaves. This basic 

 sulphate is known as Bordeaux mixture. The injury 

 to the leaves, which sometimes results from its use, is 

 generally due to its having been improperly made, 

 either by not adding enough lime to precipitate all the 

 copper, or, possibly, by adding too much, the caustic 

 lime being then the substance which causes the scorch- 

 ing : but, even when properly made, some scorching is 

 still liable to occur under certain weather conditions. 

 This cannot be obviated without preventing the 

 liberation of the ordinary sulphate from it, and on this 

 its fungicidal properties depends. 



7. Copper carbonate. — This, dissolved in ammonia, 

 forms a fungicide known as Cupram. There are 

 various formulae for making it : one is — 



Copper carbonate . . • I4 ozs. 

 Strong ammonia ... 16 liquid ozs. 

 Water to make up to . . 10 galls. 



Dilute the ammonia with 12 pints of the water, and 

 shake it up with the carbonate till this is all dissolved ; 

 then add the rest of the water. This has not proved 

 to be such a satisfactory fungicide as Bordeaux 

 mixture, but the danger of scorching the foliage with 

 it is less. 



8. Copper stdpJiate {Bhce vitriol, Bluestone). — For 

 dormant wood the proportions recommended are — 



(8) Copper sulphate . . . J to i lb. 

 Water . . . .10 galls. 



For the method of conveniently dissolving it, see p. 23. 



