34 FRUIT TREES AND THEIR ENEMIES 



mixture has to be stirred continually while being 

 used. The necessity for stirring is almost obviated 

 when basic sulphate of copper is used instead of soap, 

 and the wash obtained has the further great advant- 

 age of being a fungicide, as well as a detergent and 

 insecticide, for it practically contains Bordeaux 

 mixture. The recipe for it is — 



(lor) Copper sulphate . \\ lbs. 



Quicklime . . . i to A lb. 



Paraffin (solar distillate) 5 pints. 



Water ... 9J galls. 



Caustic soda . . 2 to 2J lbs. 



The first four ingredients are mixed exactly as in 

 9^, and the caustic soda is then shaken in. Testing 

 the liquid to see if all the copper is precipitated is 

 not necessary in this case. 



A wash precisely similar to the above, except that 

 it possesses no fungicidal properties, may be made by 

 substituting iron sulphate (which is much cheaper) for 

 the copper sulphate. The amount of iron may also 

 be reduced, if necessary, taking — 



The lime in the above (but not in the copper wash) 

 may be dispensed with, by adding some of the soda 

 to the iron sulphate before the addition of the paraffin ; 



