46 FRUIT TREES AND THEIR ENEMIES 



sulphate, but only partially so with those made with 

 soap, some soaps being satisfactory in this respect, 

 and others not. A soap specially made for this 

 purpose should be used (see p. 33). 



Enmlsions ivith soap. — The formula for making this 

 when required for use as a winter wash with caustic 

 soda, has already been given in lob (p. 33) ; but the 

 emulsion itself may be made in a concentrated form, 

 according to the following recipe (16^:), this stock 

 emulsion, when required for use, being diluted in the 

 proportion of i gallon to 9 gallons of water, and 

 the caustic soda (2 to 2 J lbs. to the 10 gallons) being 

 subsequently added, if required. 



{i6a) Soft soap .... 5 lbs. 

 Paraffin .... 6 galls. 

 Water . . . . 3^ galls. 



The soap is dissolved in the water, and the paraffin is 

 added to it gradually, churning it up meanwhile with a 

 syringe fitted with a rose jet. The resulting emulsion 

 should be of the consistency of a thick cream. It is 

 liable to de-emulsify on keeping, the paraffin separating 

 from the rest of the liquid. If this occurs, pour the 

 paraffin off, heat the watery liquid over a fire in the 

 open air (in case of its catching fire), and then churn 

 the paraffin into it again. 



For use in summer, it is well to increase the relative 

 proportion of soap in the emulsion. 



The following may be suggested — 



(i6<^) Soft soap . . . 2Hbs. 



Paraffin . . . 16 to 24 ozs. 



Water . . - 9\ galls. 



