FESTS 67 



and pupate at once, in which case, a second brood of 

 moths will appear in the autumn, and the larvae from 

 these latter may enter the apples at any point. As 

 a rule, many maggots are still in the fruits when 

 harvested, or when they fall prematurely, as maggoty 

 apples generally do. The grubs which fall, re-ascend 

 the tree, and spin their cocoons in any crevices under 

 the bark, or elsewhere, even on the ground and on 

 fences. 



Remedies, — All fallen apples should be picked, up 

 at once and destroyed, and maggoty apples should 

 be separated from the sound ones on gathering. The 

 infested fruit should be given to the pigs. Caustic 

 emulsions are very effective in destroying the larvae 

 indirectly, by exposing them to the attacks of birds 

 in winter, and by reducing the number of crevices 

 where they may be secreted. Old trees may be further 

 cleaned by scraping with a piece of iron hooping, so 

 as to remove dead bark. Spring treatment will pro- 

 iDably be unnecessary if trapping, as described below, 

 and winter washing have been adopted ; otherwise, a 

 poisonous wash must be applied before the maggot 

 enters the apple, i.e. shortly after the fruit has set. 

 The best substance to use for this is arsenate of lead, 

 and the spraying should be done as soon as the blos- 

 som has fallen, as, after ten days, the calyx closes in, 

 and prevents the poison from being lodged in the eye. 

 Many larvae may also be entrapped by winding a hay 

 rope, or strips of old manure sacks, around the trees in 

 June, leaving these till winter, and then burning them 

 with the cocoons deposited underneath them. Cases 

 which have been used for packing or importing fruit 



