68 FRUIT TREES AND THEIR ENEMIES 



often contain the Codling Moth larvcX, and should be 

 thoroughly examined, and either cleansed or burnt. 



Goat Moth {Cossus lignipenid). — A mottled grey 

 and brown moth, 3 to 4 inches in spread of wings, 

 which lays its eggs in the middle of the summer on 

 the trunk, from the base of the tree up to a height of 

 about eight feet. The caterpillars, which are mahogany 

 red on the back, and dirty yellow at the sides, are 3 

 inches long, and live for three years. They bore 

 their way into the stem of the tree. Their presence 

 may often be recognised by the heap of reddish frass 

 on the ground near the stem, the large holes in the 

 bark, and the obnoxious smell emitted by them. 



Remedies. — A coating of soft-soap, or of clay and 

 cow-dung, smeared over the base of the stems, 

 prevents the moth from laying its eggs there. The 

 caterpillar may sometimes be destroyed in its tunnel 

 by pushing up a wire, or squirting up paraffin, a piece 

 of narrow india-rubber tubing being affixed to a 

 syringe for the purpose : but the tunnels often run 

 for 2 or 3 feet, and are very sinuous, so that it is only 

 now and then that a wire will reach the caterpillars 

 in them, except when these are nearly mature, and 

 come close to the entrance (in autumn and spring) 

 to pupate. They may also be killed by placing a 

 piece of cyanide of potassium in the openings of the 

 holes, and closing these with clay. 



Lackey Moth {Clissiocainpa ne?istria). — The cater- 

 pillars are ij inches long, hairy, of a bluish-grey 

 colour, with scarlet, orange, blue, white and black 

 lines and markings. When first hatched in late 



