PESTS 71 



Mottled Umber Jlloth {Hybeniia defoliarid). — This 

 caterpillar is a looper, over an inch in length ; the 

 body is brown above, and yellow at the sides and 

 underneath. The female moth is wingless, and its 

 life-history closely resembles that of the Winter Moth. 



Remedies. — The same as for the Winter Moth. 



Apple Sazvfly (^Hoplocampa testudined). — The attacks 

 of this insect resemble those of the Codling Moth, 

 except that the grub hibernates in the soil, and not 

 on the trees. The sawflies appear with the blossoms, 

 lay their eggs inside them, and the false caterpillars, 

 which hatch out in late May and June, attack the 

 young fruits, eating their way out of one fruitlet to 

 enter another, one grub, in this way, destroying many 

 prospective fruits before it finally takes up its abode 

 in one of them. When young they are pale, with 

 black heads, and are one-eighth of an inch long ; 

 after moulting, they are mottled or creamy, with 

 chestnut-coloured heads, and half-an-inch long. 



Remedies, — Collect and destroy all infested fruit. 

 Spray with arsenate or weak emulsion when the 

 fruit is set. Some recent experiments tend to show 

 that injection of bisulphide of carbon into the soil 

 destroys the hibernating larvae. 



Mussel Scale {Lepidosaphes tdmi). — Scales, resem- 

 bling minute mussel shells, may be seen thickly 

 covering the stems and branches of apples and other 

 trees ; these are merely shields, each covering 40 to 

 80 white oval eggs. The eggs hatch in June, and the 

 insects may be seen as minute white specks swarming 



