Miscellaneous. 509 



II. By Successive Separable Forms. 



1 . Earlier Forms not Independent. 

 Cockroach. A. Forms little different = Growth with Ecdysis. 

 Beetle. B. Forms markedly different = Metamorphosis 



with Ecdysis. 



2. Earlier Forms partially Independent. 

 Starfish. 



III. By Successive and Co-existent Separable Forms. 



i * ■ . 



a. External Gemmation. b. Internal Gemmation. 



A. Forms little different. All the Forms produce Eggs. 

 Nais. Gyrodactylus 1 

 Hydra. 



B. Forms markedly different. Last Forms only produce Eggs. 



%* Last Forms produced. 

 Generally : 

 Medusa. Fluke. 



Locally : 

 Salpa. Aphis. 



These various modes of Representation of the Individual are ulti- 

 mate facts. One is neither more nor less wonderful or explicable 

 than another ; any theory which pretends to account for the Suc- 

 cessive and Co-existent forms of the Aphis-individual, must also 

 account for the Successive forms of the Beetle-individual or of the 

 Horse-individual — since they are phsenomena of essentially the same 

 nature. 



When the forms of the individual are independent, it becomes 

 desirable to have some special name by which we may denote them, 

 so as to avoid the incessant ambiguity of the two senses of the word 

 'individual.' For these forms the Lecturer some time ago proposed 

 the name ' Zooid.' Thus the Salpa-individual is represented by two 

 Zooids ; the Fluke by three ; the Aphis by nine or eleven, &c. 



The use of this term is of course a mere matter of convenience, and 

 has nothing to do with the question of Individuality itself. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



THE COLLARED SNAKE, COLUBER NATRIX. 



This species, which is generally called the Common Snake, appears 

 to have a much more limited distribution in the British Islands than 

 is generally supposed, — much more so than the common adder, the 

 viviparous lizard, the blind worm, or the frog and toad. 



I am assured on the following authorities, that it is not found in 

 the undermentioned districts — viz. the western part of South Wales, 

 by Mr. Fortune, by my son-in-law Mr. Stokes, und several other 

 naturalists and sportsmen ; in Norfolk, by Mr. Edwards ; in Northum- 

 berland, by Capt. Widdrington, R.N. ; in the Eastern Border, viz. 



