1901] MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 19 
vinced that the flagella were living elements—our Fel- 
low, Dr. Manson. He, however, went astep further. See- 
ing that the flagella were never met with in blood when 
first drawn, but only made their appearance after some 
little time had elapsed, he conceived that their function 
must be that of spores for spreading the parasite in the 
externa] world, and some suctorial insect seemed to him 
the probable agency for their diffusion. He had observ- 
ed several years ago that another parasite of the human 
blood, a microscopic nematode worm, [ilaria, is drawn 
with the blood into the stomach ofa kind of mosquito, and 
finds in the insect a secondary host, in the tissues of which 
it passes through a new cycle of development. He be- 
came deeply impressed with the idea that a similar series 
of events might occur with malaria, and he expounded 
his views fully before the College of Physicians. The no- 
tion that mosquitoes might be in some way associated 
' with malaria had occurred to Laveran and to others, but 
by no one had it been brought home with such logical 
force as by Manson. 
MICROSCOPICAL APPARATUS. 
APPARATUS FOR THOROUGH STERILIZATION OF MILK. I. 
JUNDELL.—That tubercle bacilli are not killed by the usu- 
al methods of sterilizing milk in creameries has been de- 
monstrated by the discovery of living bacilli in market 
butter made according to the most approved modern meth- 
ods. Jundell ascribes this failure in thorough steriliza- 
tion to the fact that the bacilliare not exposed long enough 
to the high temperature required to destroy them all. He 
has invented a contrivance to supplement the ordinary 
apparatus, which, by retarding the circulation of the milk 
through it, enables the action of the heat to be prolonged 
and accomplishes the desired end without injury to the 
milk. It consists of a cylinder fitted with a number of 
